Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960961
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15RQ
Why would astronomically short lifetime of gas and dust disks around protostars pose a problem in understanding how the Jovian planets formed? What modification of the solar nebula theory might solve this problem?
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Use this light curve of a star with a transiting exoplanet to answer the following. If the exoplanet is orbiting
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the transiting exoplanet?
Use this light curve of a star with a transiting exoplanet to answer the following
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B
5
10
15
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Time (months)
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If you could visit another planetary system while the planets are forming, would you expect to see the condensation sequence at work, or do you think that process was most likely unique to our Solar System? How do the properties of the extrasolar planets discovered so far affect your answer?
Do you expect the most planetary system in the Universe have analogs to our Solar System’s asteroid belt and Kuiper Belt? Would all planetary systems show signs of an age of heavy bombardment?
If the solar nebula hypothesis is correct, do you think there are more planets in the Universe than stars? Why or why not?
How would the solar system be different if the solar nebula had cooled, with a temperature half its actual value? [select all that apply]
options:
There would be more comets.
Life would have been very unlikely to evolve here.
There would be no comets.
There would be fewer asteroids.
There would be more asteroids.
Jovian planets would have formed closer to Sun.
Terrestrial planets would be large
Chapter 15 Solutions
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15 - What produced the helium now present in the Sun’s...Ch. 15 - What produced the iron and heavier elements like...Ch. 15 - What evidence can you cite that disks of gas and...Ch. 15 - According to the solar nebula theory, why is the...Ch. 15 - Why does the solar nebula theory predict that...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6RQCh. 15 - If you visited another planetary system, would you...Ch. 15 - Why is almost every solid surface in our Solar...Ch. 15 - What is the difference between condensation and...Ch. 15 - Why don’t Terrestrial planets have rings like the...
Ch. 15 - How does the solar nebula theory help you...Ch. 15 - How does the solar nebula theory explain the...Ch. 15 - What does the term differentiated mean when...Ch. 15 - What processes cleared the nebula away and ended...Ch. 15 - Why would astronomically short lifetime of gas and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16RQCh. 15 - What evidence can you cite that planets orbit...Ch. 15 - Why is the existence of “hot Jupiters” puzzling?...Ch. 15 - How Do We know? The evidence is overwhelming in...Ch. 15 - How Do We know? How can scientists know anything...Ch. 15 - If you could visit another planetary system while...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2DQCh. 15 - If the solar nebula hypothesis is correct, do you...Ch. 15 - If you observed the Solar System from the nearest...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2PCh. 15 - Prob. 3PCh. 15 - Prob. 4PCh. 15 - Prob. 5PCh. 15 - Prob. 6PCh. 15 - Suppose that Earth grew to its present size in 1...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8PCh. 15 - Prob. 9PCh. 15 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 15 - Why do astronomers conclude that the surface of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3LTL
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Present theory suggests that giant planets cannot form without condensation of water ice, which becomes vapor at the high temperatures close to a star. So how can we explain the presence of jovian-sized exoplanets closer to their star than Mercury is to our Sun?arrow_forwardExplain why visual observation of the gas giants is not sufficient to determine their rotation periods, and what evidence was used to deduce the correct periods.arrow_forwardHow does the solar nebula theory explain the significant density difference between the Terrestrial and Jovian planets?arrow_forward
- Explain the role of impacts in planetary evolution, including both giant impacts and more modest ones.arrow_forwardWhat evidence can you give that disks of gas and dust are common around young stars?arrow_forwardDescribe the solar nebula, and outline the sequence of events within the nebula that gave rise to the planetesimals.arrow_forward
- In the context of the giant planets and the conditions in their interiors, what is meant by “rock” and “ice”?arrow_forwardWhich step(s) listed in the previous question can be eliminated in models that form Jovian planets in thousands of years, a time frame that solves the Jovian problem? Order the following steps in the formation of a Terrestrial planet chronologically: gravitational collapse, accretion, outgassing, condensation, and differentiation.arrow_forwardExamine Table 18-2. What might a planets composition be if the planet formed in a region of the solar nebula where the temperature was about 1200 K?arrow_forward
- If a star must remain on the main sequence for at least 4 billion years for life to evolve to intelligence, what is the most massive a star that can form and still possibly harbor intelligent life on one of its exoplanets? (Hints: Use the formula for stellar life expectancies, Eq. 121, and data in Appendix Table A-7.)arrow_forwardIf a protostellar disk is 200 AU in radius and the disk plus the forming star together contain 2 solar masses, what is the orbital speed at the outer edge of the disk in kilometers per second? (Hint: Use the formula for circular velocity, Eq. 5-1a. Remember that the formula requires units of kg, m, and s.) (Notes: 1 AU = 1.5 1011 m; the mass of the Sun can be found in the Chapter 8 Celestial Profile: The Sun.)arrow_forwardWhy do astronomers conclude that none of the Jovian planets' rings can be left over from the formation of the planets?arrow_forward
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