Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

13th Edition

ISBN: 9780321910417

Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus

Publisher: PEARSON

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Textbook Question

Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.3.2PE

Write an equation that expresses the first law of thermodynamics in terms of heat and work.
Under what conditions will the quantities q and w be negative numbers?

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Chapter 14.2, Problem 14.3.1PE

Chapter 14.3, Problem 14.4.1PE

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

Ch. 14.2 - Identify the force present and explain whether...Ch. 14.2 - Identify the force present and explain whether...Ch. 14.2 - Which of the following cannot leave or enter a...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2.2PE Ch. 14.2 - According to the first law of thermodynamics, what...Ch. 14.2 - Write an equation that expresses the first law of...Ch. 14.3 - Calculate AB and determine whether the process is...Ch. 14.3 - For the following processes, calculate the change...Ch. 14.3 - A gas is confined to a cylinder fitted with a...Ch. 14.3 - Consider a system consisting of two oppositely...

Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 14.6.1PE Ch. 14.3 - Indicate which of the following is independent of...Ch. 14.4 - During a normal breath, our lungs expand about...Ch. 14.4 - How much work (in J) is involved in a chemical...Ch. 14.4 - Why is the change in enthalpy usually easier to...Ch. 14.4 - Under what condition will the enthalpy change of a...Ch. 14.4 - Assume that the following reaction occurs at...Ch. 14.4 - Suppose that the gas-phase reaction 2NO(g) + 02(g)...Ch. 14.5 - Which of the following statements is or are true?...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.10.2PE Ch. 14.5 - In the accompanying cylinder diagram, a chemical...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.11.2PE Ch. 14.6 - Consider the two diagrams that follow. Based on...Ch. 14.6 - Consider the conversion of compound A into...Ch. 14.6 - What is the electrostatic potential energy (in...Ch. 14.6 - What is the electrostatic potential energy (in...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 14.14.1PE Ch. 14.6 - Use the equations given in Problem 5.15 to...Ch. 14.6 - A sodium ion, Na+, with a charge of 1.6 x 10-19 C...Ch. 14.6 - A magnesium ion, Mg2+, with a charge of 3.2 x...Ch. 14 - 5.74 Using values from Appendix C, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Complete combustion of 1 mol of acetone (C2H6O)...Ch. 14 - 5.87 Consider the reaction 2H(g) + O2(g) ...Ch. 14 - The air bags that provide protection in...Ch. 14 - 5.111 From the following data for three...Ch. 14 - 5.123 Consider two solutions, the first being...Ch. 14 - For each of the following transitions, give the...Ch. 14 - In this chapter, we have learned about the...Ch. 14 - 6.12 State where in the periodic table these...Ch. 14 - Einstein's 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect...Ch. 14 - 5.48 Consider the decomposition of liquid...Ch. 14 - Under constant-volume conditions, the heat of...Ch. 14 - Given the data use Hess's law to calculate H for...Ch. 14 - 5.67 What is meant by the term standard...Ch. 14 - S 5.68 What is the value of the standard enthalpy...Ch. 14 - For each of the following compounds, write a...Ch. 14 - Write balanced equations that describe the...Ch. 14 - The following is known as the thermite reaction:...Ch. 14 - (a) What are the units usually used to express the...Ch. 14 - Using values from Appendix C , calculate the...Ch. 14 - 5.77 Gasoline is composed primarily of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 21E Ch. 14 - Ethanol (C2H5OH) is blended with gasoline as an...Ch. 14 - 5.80 Methanol (CH3OH) is used as a fuel in race...Ch. 14 - 5.81 Without doing any calculations, predict the...Ch. 14 - 5.82 Without doing any calculations, predict...Ch. 14 - Use bond enthalpies in Table 5.4 Q to estimate for...Ch. 14 - Use bond enthalpies in Table 5.40 to estimate for...Ch. 14 - Use enthalpies of formation given in Appendix C to...Ch. 14 - 5.86 The nitrogen atoms in an N2 molecule are...Ch. 14 - 5.89 What is meant by the term fuel value? Which...Ch. 14 - 5.90 Which releases the most energy when...Ch. 14 - 5.91 A serving of a particular ready-to-serve...Ch. 14 - 5.92 A pound of plain M&M® candies contains 96 g...Ch. 14 - 5.93 The heat of combustion of fructose,...Ch. 14 - 5.94 The heat of combustion of ethanol,...Ch. 14 - 5.95 The standard enthalpies of formation of...Ch. 14 - 5.98 It is interesting to compare the ‘fuel...Ch. 14 - At the end of 2012, global population was about...Ch. 14 - Prob. 39E Ch. 14 - (a) For a generic second-order reaction, what...Ch. 14 - A sample of gas is contained in a...Ch. 14 - Limestone stalactites and stalagmites are formed...Ch. 14 - Consider the systems shown in Figure 5.10. In one...Ch. 14 - 5.105 A house is designed to have passive solar...Ch. 14 - 5.108 A coffee-cup calorimeter of the type shown...Ch. 14 - 5.107 When a 0.235-9 sample of benzoic acid is...Ch. 14 - 5.108 Meals-ready-to-eat (MREs) are military...Ch. 14 - 5.109 Burning methane in oxygen can produce three...Ch. 14 - Prob. 49E Ch. 14 - Ammonia (NH3) boils at -33 °C; at this temperature...Ch. 14 - Prob. 51E Ch. 14 - Prob. 52E Ch. 14 - 5.116 TheSun supplies about 1.0 kilowatt of...Ch. 14 - 5.117 Itis estimated that the net amount of...Ch. 14 - 5.118 At 20 °C (approximately room temperature)...Ch. 14 - Suppose an Olympic diver who weighs 52.0 kg...Ch. 14 - 5.120 Consider the combustion of a single...Ch. 14 - 5.121 Consider the following unbalanced...Ch. 14 - Consider the following acid-neutralization...Ch. 14 - 5.125 A sample of a hydrocarbon is combusted...Ch. 14 - 5.126 The methane molecule, CH4, has the geometry...Ch. 14 - 5.127 One of the best-selling light, or...Ch. 14 - A source of electromagnetic radiation produces...Ch. 14 - Which type of visible light has a longer...Ch. 14 - Consider the following three statements: For any...Ch. 14 - Prob. 66E Ch. 14 - Prob. 67E Ch. 14 - A laser emits light that has a frequency of 4.69...Ch. 14 - Prob. 69E Ch. 14 - Calculate the velocity of a neutron whose de...Ch. 14 - An orbital has n = 4 and ml = 0, 1, 2, 3 -3, - 2,...Ch. 14 - What is the designation for the subshell with = 5...Ch. 14 - How many of the elements in the second row of the...Ch. 14 - Write the electron configuration for silicon,...Ch. 14 - A certain atom has an ns2np2electron configuration...Ch. 14 - Which group of elements is characterized by an...Ch. 14 - A certain atom has a [noble gas]5s24d105p4...Ch. 14 - Prob. 78E Ch. 14 - Prob. 79E Ch. 14 - 6.2 A popular kitchen appliance produces...Ch. 14 - 6.3 The following diagrams represent two...Ch. 14 - 6.4 Stars do not all have the same temperature....Ch. 14 - 6 5 The familiar phenomenon of a rainbow results...Ch. 14 - 6.7 A certain quantum mechanical system has the...Ch. 14 - Consider the three electronic transitions in a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 86E Ch. 14 - 6.9 The contour representation of one of the...Ch. 14 - 6.10 The accompanying drawing shows a contour...Ch. 14 - 8.11 Four possible electron configurations for a...Ch. 14 - 6.14 a What is the relationship between the...Ch. 14 - Label each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 14 - Determine which of the following statements are...Ch. 14 - Arrange the following kinds of electromagnetic...Ch. 14 - List the following types of electromagnetic...Ch. 14 - What is the frequency of radiation that has a...Ch. 14 - What is the frequency of radiation whose...Ch. 14 - A laser pointer used in a lecture hall emits light...Ch. 14 - Prob. 98AE Ch. 14 - If human height were quantized in 1-foot...Ch. 14 - A gas is confined to a cylinder under constant...Ch. 14 - The complete combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH(l), to...Ch. 14 - The decomposition of Ca(OH)2(s) into CaO(s) and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 103AE Ch. 14 - 5.42 Without referring to tables, predict which...Ch. 14 - Consider the following reaction: 2 Mg(s) + 02(g)2...Ch. 14 - 544 Consider the following reaction: 2...Ch. 14 - When solutions containing silver ions and chloride...Ch. 14 - At one time, a common means of forming small...Ch. 14 - Prob. 109AE Ch. 14 - 5.49 a What are the units of molar heat...Ch. 14 - Two solid objects, A and B, are placed in boiling...Ch. 14 - What is the specific heat of liquid water? What is...Ch. 14 - 5.52 a. Which substance in Table 5.2 requires...Ch. 14 - The specific heat of octane, C8H18(l), is 2.22...Ch. 14 - 6.54 Consider the data about gold metal in...Ch. 14 - When a 6-50-g sample of solid sodium hydroxide...Ch. 14 - 5.56 a. When a 4 25-g sample of solid ammonium...Ch. 14 - A 2.200-g sample of quinone (C5H402) is burned in...Ch. 14 - 8.68 A 1.800-g sample of phenol (C6H5OH) was...Ch. 14 - 5.60 Under constant-volume conditions, the heat...Ch. 14 - 5.61 Can you use an approach similar to Hess's...Ch. 14 - 5.62 Consider the following hypothetical...Ch. 14 - Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction...Ch. 14 - From the enthalpies of reaction calculate H for...Ch. 14 - From the enthalpies of reaction Calculate H for...

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Write an equation that expresses the first law of thermodynamics in terms of heat and work. Under what conditions will the quantities q and w be negative numbers?

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Chapter 14 Solutions