Microeconomics
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337617406
Author: Roger A. Arnold
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 9QP
To determine
Explain the effect of labor unions on nonunion wage rates.
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small hospital in rural Alaska is a monopsony employer of nurses. The nurses unionize. They have little power at the bargaining table, but they do bargain for a slightly higher wage. What happens to the number of nurses employed? What happens to labor costs and marginal labor costs?
Derive the firm’s demand schedule for labour if it were a monopolist that could influence the price at which it sells its output. That is, relax the assumption that product prices are fixed, and trace the implications.
Refer to the following diagram that shows the labor demand for a monopolistic firm hiring labor from
a competitive labor market.
Wage
W₂
W₁
2.
A
1.
B
MRP
с
Q₁
Q₂
The allocatively efficient level of employment for this firm is given by
some amount greater than Q 2.
some amount between Q 1 and Q 2.
S
VMP
Labor
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- The inverse labour demand curve of a monopsonist employer is W = 38,500 – 112L, where W is the annual salary and L is the number of workers hired. The labor supply is given by W = 10,700 + 100L. (a) The marginal expenditure equation is ME= . Do not include a comma in your answer. Please use capital letters (e.g. L not l) (b) To the nearest integer, the monopsonist would hire workers and, given that number of workers, the salary they would pay is, rounded to 2 decimal places (e.g. 4.12) . Do not include a comma in your answer.arrow_forwardAssume that the labor supply curve is S(w)=2w-20 and the demand curve is D(w)=40-w. In case of a non-discriminating monopsony, the marginal cost is MCN(W)=w-10. Note that MCN is the marginal cost in terms of workers. What is the change in the number of workers in the non-discriminating monopsony compared to perfect discriminating monopsony? Multiple Choice O O 5 decrease in workers 10 decrease in workers 5 increase in workers 10 increase in workersarrow_forwardConsider a third pricing scheme that the union in Solved Problem 12.2 might use. It sets a wage, , and lets the firms hire as many workers as they want (that is, the union does not set a minimum number of hours), but requires a lump-sum contribution to each worker’s retirement fund. What is such a pricing scheme called? Can the union achieve the same outcome as it would if it perfectly price discriminated? (Hint: It could set the wage where the supply curve hits the demand curve.) Does your answer depend on whether the union workers are identical? Solved Problem 12.2 Competitive firms are the customers of a union, which is the monopoly supplier of labor services. Show the union’s “producer surplus” if it perfectly price discriminates. Then suppose that the union makes the firms a take-it-or-leave-it offer: They must guarantee to hire a minimum of hours of work at a wage of , or they can hire no one. Show that by setting appropriately, the union can…arrow_forward
- The graph below represents the labor supply curve of a monopsonistic firm. If the firm above hired labor at the quantity Q1, what wage rate would it pay? A-W1. B-W2. C-W3. D-W4. E-W5arrow_forwardThe marginal cost of labor (MCL) is equal to what for a firm that operates in a competitive labor market? How does this compare with the MCL for a monopsony.arrow_forwardAssume a monopsony uses only one factor, labor, L, to produce a final good, Q, which it sells in a competitive market at the price, p = 1. The inverse supply curve for labor is w = 20 + 2L. If the monopsony's labor demand curve is w = 70 - L, how many units of labor does it hire and at what wage? What value does the monopsony place on the last worker hired? How does the monopsony equilibrium %3D compare to the competitive equilibrium?arrow_forward
- Under monopsony, wages are determined by: Demand curve Marginal Labour Cost curve Intersection of MLC and Demand curve Interesection of MLC and Supply curve Supply Curve onlyarrow_forwardAssume a monopsony uses only one factor, i.e. labor, L, to produce a final good, Q, which is sold in a competitive market at the price p = 1 to maximise profits. The production function of the monopsonist is given by Q (L) = 100L - 1L². The inverse supply curve for labor is w(L) = 2 20 + 2 L. a. Derive and describe the monopsony's inverse demand curve for labor. b. Describe algebraically and graphically how many units of labor the monopsony hires and at what wage. Describe the nature of monopsony power and provide economic intuition.arrow_forwardAssume a monopsony uses only one factor, i.e. labor, L, to produce a final good, Q, which is sold in a competitive market at the price p = 1 to maximise profits. The production function of the monopsonist is given by Q (L) = 100L — L². The inverse supply curve for labor is w(L) = 2 20 + 2 L. c. Describe algebraically and graphically what the welfare effects would be of the introduction of a minimum wage set at the competitive level. Would it improve welfare if the minimum wage were set above the competitive wage? Support your answer with a graph and economic intuition.arrow_forward
- 3. A monopsonist's inverse demand for labor can be written as D-1(w) = VMP(E) 0.005ED. Labor is supplied to the firm according to the inverse supply function S-(w) s(E) = w = 5+0.01E,. = 40 – (a) Assume that it is a short-run problem and state the monopsonist's PMAX problem mathematically. (b) Define the monopsonist's cost and find the marginal cost. (c) How much labor does the monopsony firm hire? At what wage rate does it hire workers? (d) How much labor would the monopsonist approximately hire if it hired as if a perfectly competitive firm does? At what wage rate would it hire workers approximately? (e) Draw a graph. (f) Approximately calculate producer surplus (PS), worker surplus (WS), and dead weight loss (DWS) for (Emono: Wimono) and (E*, w*). State the implication of this exercise. (g) How much labor does the monopsony firm hire and at what wage when it must pay when it must pay a minimum wage of $25? State the implication of this exercise.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is characteristic of a labor market that is a monopsony? Multiple Choice О The supply curve for labor lies above the marginal resource cost curve of the firm. О The type of labor available is relatively mobile from one industry to another. The firm's employment is a small portion of the total employment of that type of labor. The wage rate the firm must pay varies directly with the number of workers it employs.arrow_forwardDefine the monospony market in economics. No plagiarism . Thankyouarrow_forward
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