BASIC BIOMECHANICS
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259913877
Author: Hall
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 6IP
How much angular impulse must be supplied by the hamstrings to bring a leg swinging at 8 rad/s to a stop, given that the leg’s moment of inertia is 0.7 kg m2? (Answer: 5.6 kg m2/s)
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Students have asked these similar questions
A) Describe the difference between strength and power during a squat. Provide a quantitative example that illustrates the difference.
B) During a squat, the weight you have on your shoulders has a certain amount of gravitational potential energy. As you squat down and come to a stop at the bottom of the squat, some of that energy is lost. Where does it go?
ney:
Load (L) = 5 kgs
= Effort
E = Fulcrum
Weight of forearm = 1.8 kgs
L = Load
Biceps brachii
muscle
Distance of load from elbow joint = 35 cm
%3D
Effort (E) = contraction
of biceps brachii
Distance of center of mass of forearm from elbow = 17 cm
Distance of tendon from elbow = 4 cm
A) Draw the free-body diagram to represent the forces and moments
Load (L) = weight of
object plus forearm
B) Write the torque equation for static equilibrium
Fulcrum (F) = elbow joint
These figures show that:
S
Vor (1-min¹)
30
A
2.5
20
1.5
1.0
0.5
(50)
10
Concentric
Eccentric
Exercise rate
(100)
20
(150)
Integrated EMG (counts min)
B
600
400
200
(50)
30
10
Mean torque on pedals (Nm)
(100)
Concentric
20
Exercise rate
(200)
(150)
Eccentric
30
O concentric contractions require more oxygen and more EMG than eccentric contractions
O concentric contractions are easier to perform than eccentric contractions
O eccentric contractions place a greater demand on the cardiovascular and nervous systems compared to
concentric contractions
O eccentric contractions use less oxygen but more EMG than concentric contractions
Chapter 14 Solutions
BASIC BIOMECHANICS
Ch. 14 - If you had to design a model of the human body...Ch. 14 - Construct a table displaying common units of...Ch. 14 - Skilled performance of a number of sport skills is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5IPCh. 14 - How much angular impulse must be supplied by the...Ch. 14 - Given the following principal transverse axis...Ch. 14 - A volleyball players 3.7-kg arm moves at an...Ch. 14 - A 50-kg diver in a full layout position, with a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10IPCh. 14 - The radius of gyration of the thigh with respect...
Ch. 14 - A 0.68-kg tennis ball is given an angular momentum...Ch. 14 - A 7.27-kg shot makes seven complete revolutions...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5APCh. 14 - The patellar tendon attaches to the tibia at a 20...Ch. 14 - A cavewoman swings a 0.75-m sling of negligible...Ch. 14 - A 7.27-kg hammer on a 1-m wire is released with a...Ch. 14 - Discuss the effect of banking a curve on a...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, bioengineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How much force must be produced by the biceps brachii, attaching at 90? to the radius at 3 cm from the center of rotation at the elbow joint, to support a weight of 200 N held in the hand at a distance of 30 cm from the elbow joint? (Neglect the weight of the forearm and hand, and neglect any action of other muscles)arrow_forwardBased on the attached figure (Figure 16.15 in the textbook), how is galloping different from walking in this cat model? (A) Swing Stance- Е3 F E₁ Е2 Ез F LH RH LF RF Flexion- Extension Flexors (B) Walk LH LF RHO RF Trot LH LF RH Extensors (C) Extensors Flexors Stance Swing Pace LH LF RHO RF Gallop LH LF RH RF - (D) Reciprocal inhibition (V1, V2b) Time Flexor module E/R CE Flexor M muscles E/R Extensor module O Excitatory neuron (E) Inhibitatory neuron (I) Oa-Motor neuron (M) rla-INS (V1, V2b) M Extensor muscles Level of transection of spinal cord a) In walking, intervals for lifting each leg are longer than in galloping. O b) In walking, each leg is lifted in a specific sequential order, whereas in galloping the two hind legs are synchronized to be lifted at the same time followed by the front legs. O c) In walking, the interval at which each leg is moving is different, whereas in galloping thearrow_forwardThe graphs below show the force-versus-shortening-velocity and power-versus- shortening-velocity curves for four muscles in the human lower extremity. Note that these curves show this relationship only for shortening activations (positive shortening velocities), not lengthening activations. And, note that the values displayed on the axes of the graphs are absolute (not normalized) values of force, power, and velocity. These graphs apply to the next three questions. Force vs Shortening Velocity Power vs Shortening Velocity 1,500 400 1,200 300 2 900 200 600 100 300 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Shortening Velocity (m/s) Shortening Velocity (m/s) muscle 1 muscle 3 muscle 2 muscle 4 Force (N) Power (W)arrow_forward
- Give two example of 'curvature' movement?arrow_forwardGIVE 3 EXERCISES THAT CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENT WITH LATERAL ROTATION AND MEDIAL ROTATION MOVEMENT AND WHY?arrow_forwardHill's equation gives a relation between muscle contraction rates νν and muscle tension TT (T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β(T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β for positive parameters αα and ββ and resting tension T0T0. Rewrite the equation so that the contraction rate is a function of tension.arrow_forward
- If the muscle fiber is stretched to 150% of muscle length and thentechnically stimulated, what would be the total force measured?arrow_forward2. We discussed how muscle spindles allow for precision of movement as a muscle lengthens, and particular muscles which require more precise movements will contain more spindles. In addition to this precision control over muscle length, there are other differences between muscles which enable more precision in how much force is generated. Consider the two graphs below which depict force generated by two different muscles as additional motor units are recruited. Force Muscle A Load Force Muscle B Load a) Describe why the first steps for a low force contraction in both muscles are smaller than the later ones in the context of motor units and force production.arrow_forwardBriefly explain how MA and VR are related, and why it can be advantageous to have a forelimb lever with low VR. H▾▾ B I A▾ X₂ X² Ω· 66 Xarrow_forward
- If your biceps brachii muscle attaches to your forearm 2 inches below your elbow, the distance from the elbow to the palm of your hand is 18 inches, and you lift a 20 pound weight, how much pull must your muscle exert to achieve elbow flexion? If your biceps brachii muscle attaches to your forearm 2 inches below your elbow, the distance from the elbow to the palm of your hand is 18 inches, and you lift a 20 pound weight, how much pull must your muscle exert to achieve elbow flexion? hhharrow_forwardTotal compressive knee forces range between O 1-2 %BW O 2-4 %BW 3-5 %BW 0.5-1.5 %BWarrow_forwardIf an individual does training with only the right knee extensor muscles, it is common to see increase in strength in knee extension force for the right leg and an increase in strength in the knee extension force of the left leg (although the increase in force is typically not to the same extent as the force increase in the right leg) a.) True b.) Falsearrow_forward
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