Physical Science
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862626
Author: Bill Tillery, Stephanie J. Slater, Timothy F. Slater
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 14, Problem 5QFT
To determine
The general features including structure and interior density, pressure and temperature conditions of an average star such as the Sun.
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A star such as our Sun will eventually evolve to a “red giant” star and then to a “white dwarf” star. A typical white dwarf is approximately the size of Earth, and its surface temperature is about 2.4 × 104 K. A typical red giant has a surface temperature of 3.2 × 103 K and a radius ~90000 times larger than that of a white dwarf. Take the radius of the red giant to be 6 × 1010 m.
What is the average radiated power per unit area of the red giant?_________W/m2
What is the average radiated power per unit area of the white-dwarf?________W/m2
What is the total power radiated by the red giant? _________W
What is the total power radiated by the white dwarf? ________W
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Calculate the Sun's average density using this formula:
V = 4 /3 π r 3 where V = volume (m3) and r = radius (m)
ρ = m /V where ρ = density (kg/m3), m = mass (kg), and V = volume (m3
Tutorial
Star A has a temperature of 5,000 K. How much energy per second (in J/s/m2) does it radiate from a square meter of its surface?
If the temperature of Star A decreases by a factor of 2, the energy will decrease by a factor of
Star B has a temperature that is 5 times higher than Star A. How much more energy per second (compared to Star A) does it radiate from a square meter of its surface?
Part 1 of 4
The energy of a star is related to its temperature by
E = GT4
where σ = 5.67 x 10-8 J/s/m2/K4.
Part 2 of 4
To determine how much energy Star A is radiating, we just plug in the temperature to solve for EA.
EA =
J/s/m²
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Physical Science
Ch. 14 -
1. A referent system that can be used to locate...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2ACCh. 14 - Prob. 3ACCh. 14 - Prob. 4ACCh. 14 - Prob. 5ACCh. 14 - Prob. 6ACCh. 14 - Prob. 7ACCh. 14 - Prob. 8ACCh. 14 - Prob. 9ACCh. 14 -
10. The lifetime of a star depends on...
Ch. 14 - Prob. 11ACCh. 14 - Prob. 12ACCh. 14 - Prob. 13ACCh. 14 - Prob. 14ACCh. 14 - Prob. 15ACCh. 14 - Prob. 16ACCh. 14 - Prob. 17ACCh. 14 - Prob. 18ACCh. 14 - Prob. 19ACCh. 14 -
20. Stars twinkle and planets do not twinkle...Ch. 14 -
21. How much of the celestial meridian can you...Ch. 14 - Prob. 22ACCh. 14 - Prob. 23ACCh. 14 - Prob. 24ACCh. 14 - Prob. 25ACCh. 14 - Prob. 26ACCh. 14 - Prob. 27ACCh. 14 - Prob. 28ACCh. 14 - Prob. 29ACCh. 14 - Prob. 30ACCh. 14 - Prob. 31ACCh. 14 - Prob. 32ACCh. 14 - Prob. 33ACCh. 14 - Prob. 34ACCh. 14 - Prob. 35ACCh. 14 - Prob. 36ACCh. 14 - Prob. 37ACCh. 14 - Prob. 38ACCh. 14 - Prob. 39ACCh. 14 - Prob. 40ACCh. 14 - Prob. 41ACCh. 14 - Prob. 42ACCh. 14 - Prob. 43ACCh. 14 - Prob. 44ACCh. 14 - Prob. 45ACCh. 14 -
46. Evidence that points to the existence of...Ch. 14 -
47. The name of our galaxy is the
a. solar...Ch. 14 - Prob. 48ACCh. 14 - Prob. 49ACCh. 14 - Prob. 50ACCh. 14 -
1. Would you ever observe the Sun to move along...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 3QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 4QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 5QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 6QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 7QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 8QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 9QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 10QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 11QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 12QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 13QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 14QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 15QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 16QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 17QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 18QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 19QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 20QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 21QFTCh. 14 - Prob. 1FFACh. 14 - Prob. 2FFACh. 14 - Prob. 3FFACh. 14 -
4. What is the significance of the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 4PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 6PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 8PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 9PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 10PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 11PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 12PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 13PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 14PEBCh. 14 - Prob. 15PEB
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- Step-by-step, explain how energy flows from the center of the Sun to Earth.arrow_forwardDescribe the two main ways that energy travels through the Sun.arrow_forwardMake a sketch of the Sun’s atmosphere showing the locations of the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. What is the approximate temperature of each of these regions?arrow_forward
- why is the sun hot?arrow_forwardWhat is the approximate temperature of the sun at its chromosphere ?arrow_forwardIf the radius of the sun is 7.001×105 km, what is the average density of the sun in units of grams per cubic centimeter? The volume of a sphere is (4/3)π r3. The sun is a sphere with an estimated mass of 2.00×1030 kg. What exactly is the conversion process for this?arrow_forward
- What changes would you notice if the sun emitted radiation at an effective temperature of 2000 K instead of 5762 K.arrow_forwardThe radius of the Sun is 7x10⁸ m and its mass is 2x10³⁰kg.What is the density of the Sun (density = mass/volume)? The density of water is 1000 kg/m³. What is the ratio of the Sun's density to that of water?arrow_forwardThe brightness of a "young" star sometimes increases and decreases as a result of regional areas of "hot" and "cold" on the star's surface as well as variations in the density of the star's planet-forming debris, which can obstruct light. Suppose that for a particular star, the average magnitude (measure of brightness) is 4.3 with a variation of ±0.31 (on the magnitude scale, brighter objects have a smaller magnitude than dimmer objects). Furthermore, the magnitude of a star is initially observed to be 4.61, and the time between minimum brightness and maximum brightness is 6.4 days. Write a simple harmonic motion model to describe the magnitude Mof the star for day t.arrow_forward
- Which of the following layers of the Sun can be seen with some type of telescope? Consider all forms of light, but do not consider neutrinos or other particles. (Give ALL correct answers in alphabetical order, i.e., B, AC, BCD...)A) Corona.B) Photosphere.C) Radiation Zone.D) Chromosphere.E) Convection Zone.F) Core.arrow_forwardThe average energy of an atom or molecule in a gas is 3/2 kT where k is the Boltzmann Constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins. If you were to look at all the atoms in a snapshot of the gas and sort them out by energy, what is the most probable energy you would find for an atom? 8 k T / π 1/2 kT 3/2 kT 2 kTarrow_forwardWhat measurements would you make (assuming you have the money, time, & equipment) to determine a star’s surface temperature?arrow_forward
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