NESTER'S MICROBIOLOGY
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781264826940
Author: Anderson
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 14, Problem 4MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
To detect the pathogens, the innate immune system has receptors referred asPRRs (pattern recognition receptors). They are strategically present on the cell surface to recognize the PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns). PAMPs are the pathogenic specific molecular entities, which serve as a sort of marker for pathogens and which are detected by the PRRs. PAMPs are usually those structures or molecular sequences that are necessary for the survival of the pathogens. PRRs can recognize a variety of pathogens and stimulate an immune response.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect all of the following compounds excepta) peptidoglycan. b) glycolysis enzymes.c) lipopolysaccharide. d) flagellin.e) certain nucleotide sequences.
forskolin is a drug used by scientists to render adenylyl cyclase (AC) constitutively (always)
active. What will this do to:
a) PKA levels?
b) IP3 levels?
O a) increase PKA
b) no effect on IP3
O a) no effect on PKA
b) increase IP3
O a) no effect on PKA
b) no effect on IP3
O a) increase PKA
b) increase IP3
8) What makes a liver cell a liver cell and not a brain cell?
A)
The fact that it is found in an organ known as the liver
B)
The cells next to the liver cell dictate its identity
C)
The specific genes that the liver cell contains
D)
The specific genes that the liver cell expresses
7)
The membranes of mictochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria do all of the following except
A)
Pump ions against concentration gradients
B)
Generate ATP
C)
Generate chemical gradients
D)
Catalyze the reaction of the krebs cycle
Chapter 14 Solutions
NESTER'S MICROBIOLOGY
Ch. 14 - Describe how the skin protects against infection.Ch. 14 -
2. What factors in saliva aid in protection...Ch. 14 -
3. Why is iron availability important in body...Ch. 14 - Name two categories of cytokines and give their...Ch. 14 - What is the function of pattern recognition...Ch. 14 -
6. Contrast the pathways of complement...Ch. 14 - How do complement proteins cause foreign cell...Ch. 14 -
8. How do phagocytes enter tissues during an...Ch. 14 - How is acute inflammation different from chronic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 14 - Lysozyme does which of the following? a) Disrupts...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14 - Prob. 4MCCh. 14 - Prob. 5MCCh. 14 - Prob. 6MCCh. 14 - Prob. 7MCCh. 14 - Prob. 8MCCh. 14 - Prob. 9MCCh. 14 -
10. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1ACh. 14 - Prob. 2ACh. 14 - Why would it benefit the body to have an adaptive...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2CT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Grisofulvin is an antifungal agent that affects: select the correct answer. a) the chitin cell wall structure b) ergosterol in the cell membrane c) the formation of the mitotic spindle in mitosis d) the 50s ribosomal subunit and thus protein synthesis e) mRNA synthesisarrow_forwarda) What is the main structural and functional difference between microbial opsins and mammalian opsins? b) Give one example to each group. c) Why does the discovery of those microbial opsins become a major breakthrough in neuroscience? Edit Format Tablearrow_forwardWhich of the following are involved in strong interactions with sialyl-Lewis (CHO) groupings? a) Selectins b) Mucins c) Integrins d) a & b e) All of the Abovearrow_forward
- Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysıns are cell membrane disrupters that can rupture red blood cells. B) O Second mesengar pathway disrupters like cholera toxin produces a debilitating respiratory condition of the lungs. C) O Shiga toxin, tetanus toxin, and hemolysins are all types of exotoxins. D) O Superantigens elicit a hyperactive response by the immune system and can lead to shock. E) O None are false, A-D are all true statements.arrow_forwardRefer to the figures above: 41) Which figure displays the rate of bacterial growth in a living animal? a) Figure A b) Figure C C) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 42) Which figure tests the effects of one or more lymphocytes? a) Figure A b) Figure C c) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 43) Which figure demonstrates that addition of effector PCs leads to bacterial death? a) Figure A b) Figure C C) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 44) Based on these figures, Listeria infection control is most directly due to which effector cell: a) CTL b) T helper c) Macrophage d) Basophil d) None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a task of memebrane proteins? a) cell to cell recognition b) transport c) enzymatic function d) protein shntharrow_forward
- 19. A 22-year-old man who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus has learned to test his blood for glucose and is compliant with all treatment instructions. When asked by his family how he is coping with his disease, he says, "I prefer not to think about it." This behavior is best described as which of the following? A) Denial F) Repression B) Identification G) Somatization C) Projection H) Splitting D) Rationalization 1) Sublimation E) Reaction formation J) Suppressionarrow_forwardIn hemoglobin from patients with sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin ß-chains have a single amino substitution that results in: A) A sticky spot in the hemoglobin causing polymerization O B) A change in the oxygen binding to hemoglobin that causes formation of polymers C) Changes in the interaction between B-chains and x-chains OD) Changes in binding of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceratearrow_forwardIn the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of degradation, what component is most important in determining specificity when selecting proteins for destruction? a)ubiquitin b)E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme c)E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme d)E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase e)19S proteasomearrow_forward
- Lysozyme does which of the following?a) Disrupts cell membranesb) Hydrolyzes peptidoglycanc) Waterproofs skind) Propels gastrointestinal contentse) Propels the cilia of the respiratory tractarrow_forward32. ________ are members of an integral membrane glycoprotein family that bind to specific carbohydrate arrangements in oligosaccharides that project from the surfaces of other cells. a) Selectinsb) Integrinsc) Cadherinsd) Immunoglobulin super family proteinse) Calmodulinsarrow_forwardAn inactive protease is called a: a) proteome b) protogene c) zymogen d) protein ball Secretin performs which function? A) signals release of digestive enzymes b) activates zymogens c) raises the pH of the intestine d) lowers the pH of the stomach Glut 5 transports which monosaccharide into intestinal cells? A) glucose b) fructose c) galactose d) mannose Lipids are packaged into chylomicrons in which cellular component? A) cytoplasm b) mitochondria c) nucleus d) smooth endoplasmic reticulum STAT-5 is a: a) G-protein b) membrane-bound enzyme c) transcription factor d) tyrosine kinase domain In the insulin mechanism, which of these does Akt (protein kinase b) activate? A) Ras b) JAK-2 c) STAT-5 d) GLUT-4arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY