Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 29P
As shown in Figure
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Suppose a researcher has three different Drosophila strains that have mutations in the bicoid gene called bicoid-A, bicoid-B, and bicoid-C; the wild type is designated bicoid +. To study these mutations,
phenotypically normal female flies that are homozygous for the given bicoid mutation were obtained, and their oocytes were analyzed using a Northern blot to determine the size and/or amount of the bicoid
mRNA and in situ hybridization to determine the bicoid mRNA location within the oocyte. A wild-type strain was also analyzed as a control. In both cases, the probe was complementary to the bicoid mRNA and
the results are shown below. (Anterior is on the left; posterior is on the right.)
Northern blot
1
2
-
3 4
In situ hybridization
Wild type
Lane 1. Wild type (bicoid*)
Lane 2. bicoid-A
Lane 3. bicoid-B
Lane 4. bicoid-C
bicoid-B
bicoid-A
bicoid-C
Which mutation is likely to cause the embryo to develop two "anterior" ends?
bicoid-B
Obicoid-A
bicoid-C
Expression of recombinant proteins in yeast is an important tool for biotechnology companies that produce new drugs for human use. In an attempt to get a new gene X expressed in yeast, a researcher has integrated gene X into the yeast genome near a telomere. Will this strategy result in good expression of gene X? Why or why not? Would the outcome of this experiment differ if the experiment had been performed in a yeast line containing mutations in the H3 or H4 histone tails?
In a mutant mouse, it was discovered that a gene "W" is moved from its original
chromosomal locus to the telomere region, where chromatin is packed into
heterochromatin. Given what we have learned about eukaryotic gene regulation, can
you speculate how the expression of gene W in the new mouse line would be
changed as compare to the normal mouse?
elevated in the mutant mouse than in the wild-type mouse.
cannot be determined.
O reduced in the mutant mouse than in the wild-type mouse.
change in the mutant mouse as compared to the wild-type mouse.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 14 - 14.1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2PCh. 14 - Discuss the similarities and differences between...Ch. 14 - 14.5 What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 14 - 14.6 You have cloned the mouse ortholog (see...Ch. 14 - 14.7 Diagram the mechanism by which CRISPRCas...Ch. 14 - 14.8 Describe how CRISPRCas has been modified to...Ch. 14 - 14.9 Discuss the advantages (and possible...Ch. 14 - 14.10 Discuss the advantages (and possible...Ch. 14 - You have identifies a gene encoding the protein...
Ch. 14 - You have identified a recessive mutation that...Ch. 14 - 14.13 The CBF genes of Arabidopsis are induced by...Ch. 14 - 14.14 When the S. cerevisiae genome was sequenced,...Ch. 14 - 14.15 Translational fusions between a protein of...Ch. 14 - 14.16 In humans, Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is...Ch. 14 - 14.17 How would you perform a genetic screen to...Ch. 14 - In enhancer trapping experiments, a minimal...Ch. 14 - 14.19 In Genetic Analysis, we designed a screen to...Ch. 14 - How would you design a genetic screen to find...Ch. 14 - 14.21 The eyes of Drosophila develop from imaginal...Ch. 14 - 14.22 Given your knowledge of the genetic tools...Ch. 14 - Mutations in the CFTR gene result in cystic...Ch. 14 - 14.24 How would you clone a gene that you have...Ch. 14 - 14.25 How would you conduct a screen to identify...Ch. 14 - In land plants, there is an alternation of...Ch. 14 - 14.27 The Drosophila evenskipped (eve) gene is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 28PCh. 14 - 14.29 As shown in Figure, mutations in the...Ch. 14 - How would you edit a specific nucleotide in a...Ch. 14 - Through a forward genetics screen in Arabidopsis...Ch. 14 - The CRISPR - Cas 9 complex directs the Cas 9...Ch. 14 - 14.33 Describe how enhancer screens can be used to...Ch. 14 - How might you use CRISPR - Cas 9 to create a large...
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- In a mutant mouse, it was discovered that a gene "W" is moved from its original chromosomal locus to the telomere region, where chromatin is packed into heterochromatin. Given what we have learned about eukaryotic gene regulation, can you speculate how the expression of gene W in the new mouse line would be changed as compare to the normal mouse? Question 18 options: elevated in the mutant mouse than in the wild-type mouse. cannot be determined. reduced in the mutant mouse than in the wild-type mouse. no change in the mutant mouse as compared to the wild-type mouse.arrow_forwardUsing a transgenic technique, propose an experiment to determine whether Cdx2 is sufficient for trophoblast development in the mouse embryo. Describe two results that you would expect to observe at the blastocyst stage if Cdx2 is indeed sufficient for trophoblast development. Be as specific as possible regarding the transgene that you propose for this experiment (including what gene's enhancer you would use in the transgene). Note: you do not need to explain the details of how a transgenic mouse is made. Describe the experiment in steps (Step 1: ..., Step 2: ... etc) and please keep your answer to under 150 words. tips: DONT talk about stop cassetes/memory cassetes, focus on transgenes Paper called "Cdx2 is required for correct cell fate specification and differentiation of trophectoderm in the mouse blastocyst" gave lots of results that you might see,, 6 diff ways that cdx2 is required for trophoblasts need specific gene enhancer (dont just say "expressed enhancer in genital…arrow_forwardA strain of Drosophila known as dunce produces one-half the amount of cAMP phosphodiesterase found in wild-type flies, which causes a learning defect. Another strain of Drosophila known as rutabaga produces a defective adenylyl cyclase protein (one of the AC types expressed in most cells) and also causes a learning defect. A dunce–rutabaga double mutant fly has relatively normal learning. Explain these curious observations?arrow_forward
- Geneticists often use the alkylating agent ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS; see Figure 15.6) to induce mutations in Drosophila. Why is EMS a mutagen of choice for genetic research? What would be the effects of EMS in a strain of Drosophila lacking functional mismatch repair systems?arrow_forwardHow do we know that the mutant Bar-eye phenotype in Drosophila is due to a duplicated gene region rather than to a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene?arrow_forwardGeneticists often use ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) to induce mutations in Drosophila. Why is EMS a mutagen of choice for genetic research? What would be the effects of EMS in a strain of Drosophila lacking functional mismatch repair systems?arrow_forward
- Antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes, but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?arrow_forwardMice usually have wild-type agouti fur that appears grey, but a mouse geneticist has a pure-breeding white-furred strain that is homozygous for a recessive mutation. Molecular analysis shows that the mutation is a missense mutation in an exon common to three alternatively spliced forms of a gene expressed in hair follicles. Which of the following transgenic animals would be most useful to determine which spliced form (or forms) is sufficient to specify agouti fur?A. Construct a GFP reporter using the promoter for the identified gene. B. Express a wild-type version of a cDNA for each spliced form in the white mutant mouse to see which form(s) rescue the phenotype. C. Use CRISPR/Cas9 to make a large deletion of the entire coding region of the identified gene. D. Introduce the wild-type genomic allele into the mutant mouse to test for rescue of the mutant phenotypearrow_forwardOur understanding of maternal effect genes has been greatly aided by their identification in experimental organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. In experimental organisms with a short generation time, geneticists have successfully searched for mutant alleles that prevent the normal process of embryonic development. In many cases, the offspring die at early embryonic or larval stages. These are called maternal effect lethal alleles. How would a researcher identify a mutation that produced a recessive maternal effect lethal allele?arrow_forward
- The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene ARG8encodes an enzyme that catalyzes a key step in biosynthesis of the amino acid arginine. This protein isnormally synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes, butthen is transported into mitochondria, where the enzyme conducts its functions. In 1996, T. D. Fox andhis colleagues constructed a strain of yeast in which agene encoding the Arg8 protein was itself moved intomitochondria, where functional protein could besynthesized on mitochondrial ribosomes.a. How could these investigators move the ARG8gene from the nucleus into the mitochondria, whilepermitting the synthesis of active enzyme? In whatways would the investigators need to alter theARG8 gene to allow it to function in the mitochondria instead of in the nucleus?b. Why might these researchers have wished to movethe ARG8 gene into mitochondria in the firstplace?arrow_forwardDrosophila females homozygous for loss-of-functionmutations in the gene aubergine are sterile. RNA-Seqexperiments show that in the ovaries of these females,the levels of RNAs for many kinds of transposable elements are more than 10× higher than in wild-type ovaries. The aubergine gene encodes a Piwi-family protein.a. Why do you think these females are sterile?b. Piwi proteins interact with piRNAs that are transcribed from piRNA gene clusters. Given that thelevels of many kinds of TEs are elevated in mutantovaries, what kinds of DNA sequences do youthink are located in these clusters?c. Many investigators think of piRNAs as a kind ofdefensive mechanism that protects organisms fromthe effects of new transposable elements that mightbe introduced into genomes, for example fromother species. Explainarrow_forwardMost organisms display a circadian rhythm, a cycling of biological processes that is roughly synchronized with day length. In Drosophila, pupae eclose (emerge as adults after metamorphosis) at dawn. a)Using this knowledge how would screen for Drosophila mutants that have an impaired circadian rhythm? b)In each case, how would you clone the genes you identified by mutation?arrow_forward
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