Concept explainers
Name the two types of
To name: Two types of speciation represented in the diagram and also to describe for each type in what way the reproductive barriers might have developed between the new species.
Concept introduction:
The speciation is an evolutionary process by which new species are formed. It can occur due to geographic, behavioral, anatomical and physiological factors.
The new species formed differ from their ancestors and cannot interbreed with their ancestral species to produce viable offspring.
Explanation of Solution
The type of speciation represented in the diagram (a) is allopatric speciation and in (b) is sympatric speciation.
The allopatric speciation occurs when two populations of a species are separated by a physical barrier such as a mountain or a hill. The gene flow between the two populations is stopped and over the time they become reproductively isolated due to natural selection, mutation or genetic drift.
In sympatric speciation, a new species arise from an ancestral species, while occupying the same geographical region. The two populations become reproductively isolated due to polyploidy, habitat differentiation and sexual selection.
Pictorial representation: Fig. 1 shows two types of speciation: (a) Allopatric speciation (b) Sympatric speciation.
Fig.1: (a) Allopatric speciation (b) Sympatric speciation.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
- Define co-speciationarrow_forwardWhat is known as allopatric speciation ?arrow_forwardScientists studying reproduction compared three closely related species of bagworm moths. The reproductive methods for these species are given in the table. Which of the following research questions would provide additional information about the population level impacts of meiosis and sexual reproduction? A - How do the number of D. charlottae offspring compare with the number of S. rupicolella offspring? B - Do D. charlottae and S. rupicolella populations express greater genetic diversity than D. fennicella populations? C - Are the offspring of D. fennicella genetically unique compared to the offspring of D. charlottae and S. rupicolella? D - Does crossing-over in D. fennicella result in increased genetic variation compared to D. charlottae and S. rupicolella?arrow_forward
- What are the important differences between the vicariant and founder-event modes of allopatric speciation?arrow_forwardName two events that must happen for both allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation to occur.arrow_forwardIs it possible for individuals within the same species to naturally have no variations between them? If such individuals exist, what term is used to describe them?arrow_forward
- Is allopatric speciation more likely to occur on an island close to the mainland or on a more isolated island of the same size? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an event that can contribute to allopatric speciation? a. A mountain range forms and splits two populations into populations that begin to turn into new species. b. A subset of individuals disperse to a far away island and begin to turn into a new species. c. Two populations breed in the same location but at different times, and therefore begin to turn into two new species. d. A river splits a population into two populations and the two populations begin to diverge on either side of the river. e. All of these are potential contributors to allopatric speciation.arrow_forwardWould each of the following examples of reproductive isolation be considered a prezygotic or postzygotic mechanism? A. Horses and donkeys can interbreed to produce mules, but the mules are infertile. B. Three species of the orchid genus Dendrobium produce flowers 8 days, 9 days, and 11 days after a rainstorm. The flowers remain open for 1 day. C. Two species of fish release sperm and eggs into seawater at the same time, but the sperm of one species do not fertilize the eggs of the other species. D. Two tree frogs, Hyla chrysoscelis (diploid) and Hyla versicolor (tetraploid), can produce viable offspring, but the offspring are sterile.arrow_forward
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