EBK CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE
6th Edition
ISBN: 8220101459787
Author: Hewitt
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 9RAT
To determine
The fission and fusion process was release energy from Gold and Carbon has to be determined from the following given options –
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Ordinary hydrogen is sometimes called a perfect fuel, both because of its almost unlimited supply on Earth and because, when it burns, harmless water is the product of the combustion. So why don’t we abandon fission and fusion energies, not to mention fossil-fuel energy, and just use hydrogen?
For a fusion reaction, at which temperature T
do you expect the optimal reaction rate to
approximately occur?
In the expressions below EG is the Gamow
energy of the reaction and k is the Boltzmann
constant.
Select one:
O a. T
O b. T:
O c. T
d. T
=
Oe. T
-
-
=
=
EG
100k
10EG
k
EG
10k
EG
k
100 EG
k
Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the carbon cycle first proposed by Hans Bethe in 1939, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6 x 10^7 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 x 10^7 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun’s energy.
(a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A.
(b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B.
(c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C.
(d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D.
(e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E.
(f) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. Identify nucleus…
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Ch. 13 - Prob. 1RCQCh. 13 - What is the origin of most of the natural...Ch. 13 - Which produces mote radioactivity in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RCQCh. 13 - What role do neutrons play in the atomic nucleus?Ch. 13 - Prob. 8RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 9RCQCh. 13 - What is the long-range fate of all the uranium...
Ch. 13 - What is meant by the half-life of a radioactive...Ch. 13 - What is the half-life of uranium-238?Ch. 13 - What happens to a nitrogen atom in the atmosphere...Ch. 13 - Prob. 14RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 15RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 16RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 17RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 19RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 20RCQCh. 13 - Prob. 21RCQCh. 13 - How does the mass per nucleon in uranium compare...Ch. 13 - How does the mass of a pair of atoms that have...Ch. 13 - Prob. 24RCQCh. 13 - What kind of nuclear power is responsible for...Ch. 13 - Throw ten coins onto a flat surface. Move aside...Ch. 13 - Repeat the above, but use 10 dimes and 25 pennies....Ch. 13 - Consider a radioactive sample with a half-life of...Ch. 13 - Uranium-238 absorbs a neutron and then emits a...Ch. 13 - Rank the following three types of radiation by...Ch. 13 - Prob. 35TARCh. 13 - Rank the following isotopes from the most...Ch. 13 - Rank the following in order from the most energy...Ch. 13 - Prob. 44ECh. 13 - Which should be more stable: the lithium-5 or the...Ch. 13 - Which should be more stable: the lithium-7 or the...Ch. 13 - Why is lead found in all deposits of uranium ores?Ch. 13 - Prob. 48ECh. 13 - Elements heavier than uranium in the periodic...Ch. 13 - If you make an account of 1000 people born in the...Ch. 13 - What do the proportions of lead and uranium in...Ch. 13 - Radium-226 is a common isotope on Earth, but it...Ch. 13 - Prob. 53ECh. 13 - Prob. 54ECh. 13 - Prob. 55ECh. 13 - Prob. 56ECh. 13 - Prob. 57ECh. 13 - Why is carbon better than lead as a moderator in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 59ECh. 13 - Prob. 60ECh. 13 - Prob. 61ECh. 13 - How does the mass per nucleon in uranium compare...Ch. 13 - Prob. 63ECh. 13 - Prob. 64ECh. 13 - Prob. 65ECh. 13 - Prob. 66ECh. 13 - Prob. 67ECh. 13 - Prob. 68ECh. 13 - Prob. 69ECh. 13 - Prob. 70ECh. 13 - Prob. 71ECh. 13 - Prob. 72ECh. 13 - Prob. 73ECh. 13 - Prob. 74ECh. 13 - Prob. 75ECh. 13 - Prob. 1RATCh. 13 - Prob. 2RATCh. 13 - A sample of radioactive material is usually a...Ch. 13 - What evidence supports the contention that the...Ch. 13 - When the isotope bismuth-213 emits an alpha...Ch. 13 - If uranium were to split into 90 pieces of equal...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9RATCh. 13 - If an iron nucleus split in two, its fission...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A radioactive sample initially contains 2.40102 mol of a radioactive material whose half-life is 6.00 h. How many moles of the radioactive material remain after 6.00 h? After 12.0 h? After 36.0 h?arrow_forwardSuppose you have a pure radioactive material with a half-life of T1/2. You begin with N0 undecayed nuclei of the material at t = 0. At t=12T1/2, how many of the nuclei have decayed? (a) 14N0 (b) 12N0(C) 34N0 (d) 0.707N0 (e) 0.293N0arrow_forward(a) Calculate the energy released by the fusion of a 1.00-kg mixture of deuterium and tritium, which produces helium. Tire re are equal numbers of deuterium and tritium nuclei in the mixture. (b) If this process takes place continuously over a period of a year, what is the average power output?arrow_forward
- Scientists have continuously been searching for ways to create a system for energy production through fusion reactions but have been unsuccessful. Which of the following explains why it is still not a practical source of power? O Fusion can create a huge amount of energy with very little fuel. O Fusion radioactive byproducts have a shorter half-life than fission byproducts. O Fusion requires a large amount of energy to force atoms to initially fuse together. O Fusion reactions have virtually little to no risk of nuclear accidents.arrow_forwardWhy is there, unlike fission fuel, no limit to the amount of fusion fuel that can be safely stored in one locality?arrow_forwardA "mad" scientist attempts to take a sample of Mercury-199 and bombard it with neutrons. The reaction creates a proton and Gold-199. His joy is short-lived when in a few days the radioactive Gold-199 reverts back to Mercury-199 emitting a single particle. What is the emitted particle? 1999 Au 199 ¹20Hg+? 80 000 0 a beta (-) particle ß- a proton; H+ an alpha particle; a a neutron; nºarrow_forward
- 10. A nuclear reactor is 35% efficient and has a power output of 350 MW. If we consider all the fission reactions to give out the same energy, 2.78 x 1011 J how many moles of uranium-235 is needed each second by the power station? AA 5.975 x 105 B 5.935 x 105 C 5.835 x 105 D 5.739 x 105arrow_forwardConsider equal numbers of deuterium and tritium nuclei fusing to form helium-4 nuclei, as given in the image. part a) What is the yield in joules of kinetic energy liberated per kilogram of fuel? part b) How does this compare with a typical yield of 10^6 J/kg for chemical fuels?arrow_forward38. Estimate (order of magnitude) the ratio of the energy released when 1 g of uranium undergoes fission to the energy released when 1 g of TNT explodes.arrow_forward
- A neutron in a star makes an elastic head-on collision with a carb on nucleus initially at rest. The mass of the carbon nucleus is 12 times the mass of the neutron mn = 1.7 ×10^−27kg. The initial kinetic energy of the neutron is 1.6 × 10^−13J. a) Show that the final speed of the carbon nucleus, Vc, is given by (see image) where vn is the initial speed of the neutron.arrow_forwardExplain why the fusion reaction of atomic nuclei-the formation of lighter nuclei of heavier ones-is a colossal source of energy.arrow_forwardFissioning about 30 pounds of U-235 releases 1.06x 10¹5 joules of energy. How many tonnes of coal contain the same amount of energy? Use the fact that the energy content of coal is 29 MJ/kg. Enter your answer in tonnes (you can use 1 ton 1000 kg) to 3 significant figures. E.g if the answer is 47435.976, you should enter 47400 Marrow_forward
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