Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 13, Problem 3TQ
To determine
The reason behind that the astronomers using interferometry to determine a few nearby, large stars rather using a simple photograph of Betelgeuse.
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Recall that Hubble’s Law is given by V=HR; this means that H has units of inverse seconds (1/sec). A convenient laboratory set of units is to give H in km per sec per megaparsec. A parsec is 3.26 light years and the speed of light is 3 X 105 km/sec. Use 3.156 X 107 sec/yr. The first data off the then new Hubble Space telescope suggested a value of H equal to 108 km per sec per megaparsec. What is H in inverse seconds? Hint divide by the number of km in a megaparsec.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 13 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 2QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 3QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 5QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 13 - Prob. 10QFR
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- Let us imagine that the spectrum of a star is collected and we find the absorption line of Hydrogen-Alpha (the deepest absorption line of hydrogen in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum) to be observed at 656.5 nm instead of 656.3 nm as measured in a lab here on Earth. What is the velocity of this star in m/s? (Hint: speed of light is 3*10^8 m/s; leave the units off of your answer)arrow_forwardTwo identical stars are moving in a circular orbit around one another, with an orbital separation of 2 AU. The system lies 200 light years from Earth. If we happen to view the orbit head-on, how large (diameter) a telescope would we need to resolve the stars at visible wavelengths?arrow_forwardWhite Dwarf Size II. The white dwarf, Sirius B, contains 0.98 solar mass, and its density is about 2 x 106 g/cm?. Find the radius of the white dwarf in km to three significant digits. (Hint: Density = mass/volume, and the volume of a 4 sphere is Tr.) 3 km Compare your answer with the radii of the planets listed in the Table A-10. Which planet is this white dwarf is closely equal to in size? I Table A-10 I Properties of the Planets ORBITAL PROPERTIES Semimajor Axis (a) Orbital Period (P) Average Orbital Velocity (km/s) Orbital Inclination Planet (AU) (106 km) (v) (days) Eccentricity to Ecliptic Mercury 0.387 57.9 0.241 88.0 47.9 0.206 7.0° Venus 0.723 108 0.615 224.7 35.0 0.007 3.4° Earth 1.00 150 1.00 365.3 29.8 0.017 Mars 1.52 228 1.88 687.0 24.1 0.093 1.8° Jupiter 5.20 779 11.9 4332 13.1 0.049 1.30 Saturn 9.58 1433 29.5 10,759 9.7 0.056 2.5° 30,799 60,190 Uranus 19.23 2877 84.3 6.8 0.044 0.8° Neptune * By definition. 30.10 4503 164.8 5.4 0.011 1.8° PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Earth = e)…arrow_forward
- Earth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m^2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions. a) At the orbit of Venus (67 million km from the Sun). b) At the orbit of Jupiter (780 million km from the Sun). c) At the mean distance of Pluto (40 Astronomical Units).arrow_forwardThe disk of the Milky Way galaxy contains roughly 200 billion (1 billion = 109 ) stars. The disk is not solid, but rather is a volume about 100,000 light-years in diameter (1 ly = 9500 billion kilometers) and 1000 light-years in thickness. What is the number density of stars in the Milky Way galaxy disk, in units of stars per cubic light-year? How about in units of stars per cubic km?arrow_forwardNext you will (1) convert your measurement of the semi-major axis from arcseconds to AU, (2) convert your measurement of the period from days to years, and (3) calculate the mass of the planet using Newton's form of Kepler's Third Law. Use Stellarium to find the distance to the planet when Skynet took any of your images, in AU. Answer: 4.322 AU Use this equation to determine a conversion factor from 1 arcsecond to AU at the planet's distance. You will need to convert ? = 1 arcsecond to degrees first. Answer: 2.096e-5 AU (2 x 3.14 x 4.322 x (.000278/360) = 2.096e-5) Next, use this number to convert your measurement of the moon's orbital semi-major axis from arcseconds to AU. A) Calculate a in AU. B) Convert your measurement of the moon's orbital period from days to years. C) By Newton's form of Kepler's third law, calculate the mass of the planet. D) Finally, convert the planet's mass to Earth masses: 1 solar mass = 333,000 Earth masses.arrow_forward
- Imagine a telescope was placed on the planet Mercury and was used to measure the positions of stars in the sky. Assuming Mercury follows a circular orbit with a semi-major axis = 0.387 AU and a period = 88 days, calculate the maximum %3D stellar aberration that would be detected, expressing your answer in arcseconds. Choose the option below that best matches your answer. Select one: Оа. 100 O b. 25 О с 60 O d. 15 O e. 33arrow_forwardThe nearest star to our sun is Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light-years from the Sun. A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year (365 days). How far away, in kilometers, is Proxima Centauri from the Sun?Express your answer using two significant figures.arrow_forwardPart 3 1. The diameter of the Sun is 1,391,400 km. The diameter of the Moon is 3,474.8 km. Find the ratio, r= Dsa/Dsvan between the sizes. 2. From the point of view of an obs erver on Eanth (consider the Earth as a point-like object), during the eclipse, the Moon covers the Sun exactly. Sketch a picture to illustrate this fact. Use a nuler to get a straight line. Your drawing does not need to be in scale. 3. The Sun is 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) away from the Earth. Find the distance between the Earth and the Moon in AU's using the ratio of similar triangles. Show your work. DEM= AU. Convert this to kilometers. Use 1 AU = 149,600,000 km. DEM = km.arrow_forward
- 1. These images were taken six months apart, first when Earth was as far to one side of Alpha Centauri as it can get and again when Earth was as far to the other side of Alpha Centauri as it can get. Consequently, the baseline between the two observing positions is how many AU across? Answer: 1.7 arcsec USE 1.7 arcsec NOT 2.946 2. First, convert this to kilometers using your measurement of how many kilometers are in an AU. 3. Now convert the baseline to kilometers using the true value for the number of kilometers in an AU. 4. Calculate the distance to Alpha Centauri using parallax and the true baseline in kilometers. 5. Google and record the true value. 6. Calculate your percent error 7. Discuss significant sources of errorarrow_forwardA) A typical dust grain has a radius of about 0.1 micrometers and a mass of 10-14 grams. Roughly how many dust particles are in a cloud containing 1000 Msun of dusty gas if 1% of the cloud's mass is in the form of dust grains? B) What surface area would be covered by these grains if you put them side by side? Assume these grains are spherical. Answer in square light-years. C) Estimate the total surface area covered by the cloud assuming it's matter density is like that of a typical molecular cloud, about 10-21 g/cm3 (Hint: first calculate the clouds volume from it's mass and density, then determine its radius using the formula for volume of a sphere) Answer in square light-years. D) Comparing all above answers, What are the chances (very roughly) that a photon passing through the cloud will hit a dust grain?arrow_forwardUsing a 8-m reflector telescope on Mars, what is the maximum distance we could measure using stellar parallax?arrow_forward
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