Concept explainers
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The somatic sensory division of the PNS detects sensory stimuli from the organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
b. The somatic motor division of the PNS consists of lower motor neurons that directly innervate skeletal muscle fibers.
c. The visceral motor division is also known as the autonomic nervous system and maintains homeostasis of many physiological variables.
d. The term nerve is the equivalent of the term neuron.
e. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
To review:
Whether the following statements are true or false:
1. The somatic sensory division of the PNS detects sensory stimuli from the organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
2. The somatic motor division of the PNS consists of lower motor neurons that directly innervate the skeletal muscle fibers.
3. The visceral motor division is also known as the autonomic nervous system and maintains homeostasis of many physiological variables.
4. The term ‘nerve’ is the equivalent of the term ‘neuron’.
5. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
Introduction:
The peripheral nervous system acts as a link which bridges the CNS (central nervous system) with the body and outer environment. In order to link them, it first detects the sensory parts of the stimuli and carries them to the CNS as a sensory input. The CNS works on the input and then distributes the impulses by means of the PNS (peripheral nervous system) to the effectors to generate a motor output. In this case, the effectors are the muscle cells and glands.
Explanation of Solution
a. The statement “The somatic sensory division of the PNS detects sensory stimuli from the organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities”is false. The correct statement is the somatic sensory division of the PNS detects sensory stimuli from the structures of musculoskeletal system. In fact, they detect the stimuli from the skin and structures of the musculoskeletal system.
b. The statement “The somatic motor division of the PNS consists of lower motor neurons that directly innervate skeletal muscle fibers” is true. In the true sense, the somatic motor division of the PNS consists ofa lower type of motor neurons which are in direct contact with the skeletal muscle fibers.
c. The statement “The visceral motor division is also known as the autonomic nervous systemwhichmaintains homeostasis of many physiological variables” is true. The visceral motor division is also known as the autonomic nervous system which maintains the homeostasis state of many variables which are physiological in nature by controlling the involuntary motor functions of the body.
d. The statement “The term nerve is the equivalent of the term neuron” is true. It is foundthat a nerve contains numerous neurons which are connected to each other by a tissue.
e. The statement “There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves” is true. It widely known that there are 31pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of spinal nerves in the human body.
Thus, it can be concluded that the statements(b), (c),(d) and(e) are true according to the reasons provided and the statement (a) is false.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
- Which of the choices below describe the ANS? A) Sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract B) Motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. C) Sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS. D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digested tract what Please provide me a brief explanation why is correct or incorrect?arrow_forwardWhat do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?a. They both are more common in young men than in young women.b. They both impair the initiation of action potentials.c. They both damage the myelin sheath, disrupting action potential transmission.d. They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous systemarrow_forwardIn Neurology, please explain the relationship between suprathreshold depolarization and induced electrical neuro transmission. Is suprathreshold depolarization essential for inducing the electrical transmission?please explain in a few sentences.arrow_forward
- Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen. b. The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements. c. The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement. d. The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learningarrow_forwardPlace the following steps in order for motor control.1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons.2. Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed.3. Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program.4. Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract.5. The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex." a. 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 b. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 c. 3, 5, 1, 2, 4 d. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4"arrow_forwardPlease note these are all one question group and should be answered as such! Which of the following statements accurately defines epineurium? A. Fluid-filled space at a synapse through which neurotransmitters diffuse B. A vesicle containing neurotransmitters in the axon terminal of a neuron C. The CT sheath that binds together the groups of fascicles, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels in a peripheral nerve D. The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for rest and digestion Which of the following statements accurately defines sacral plexus? A. The ventral rami of C1–C4 (and a small contribution from C5) that serve the head and neck B. The ventral rami of L1–L4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb C. The ventral rami of C5–T1 that serve the upper limb D. The ventral rami of L4–S4 that serve the pelvis and lower limbarrow_forward
- Which of the following is false regarding nerve plexuses? A) Nerve plexuses occur in the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral regions. B) Nerve plexuses involve only the dorsal rami. C) Nerve plexuses are interlacing nerve networks, so that each branch of a plexus contains fibers from several spinal nerves. D) Because of nerve plexuses, each muscle in a limb receives its nerve supply from more than one spinal nerve. E) Because of nerve plexuses, damage to a single spinal segment or root cannot completely paralyze any limb muscle. In a spinal reflex, integration occurs in the cerebral cortex in the brain stem in the thalamus in the spinal cord in the cerebellum True or false. The amplitude of a sound wave determines the pitch of a sound, while the sound intensity is determined by the wavelength of a sound wavearrow_forwardNOTE THESE ARE ALL ONE QUESTION GROUP and need to be answered as such Identify the term that does NOT belong in the group. A. Parasympathetic tone B. Urinary tract C. Rapid heart rate D. Digestive tract Approximately 75% of all parasympathetic axons are located in the _______________. A. vagus nerve (X) B. oculomotor nerve (III) C. facial nerve (VII) D. glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Which of these functions is NOT affected by parasympathetic stimulation? A. Secretion of insulin from the pancreas B. Secretion of thin, watery saliva C. Secretion of tears D. Secretion of sweat The parasympathetic division ________________________. A. is responsible for the fight-or-flight response B. mediates many reflexes that regulate the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems C. causes an increase in metabolism D. decreases blood flow to the skinarrow_forwardEmergency room doctors often shine a light into the eyes of patients with head injuries to test their pupillary reflex. The structure that relays the information between the optic nerve and the motor neuron, and the division of the nervous system that the structure is part of , respectively are: Select one: a. an interneuron and the peripheral nervous system b. the occipital lobe and the peripheral nervous system c. the occipital lobe and the central nervous system d. an interneuron and the central nervous systemarrow_forward
- Which role do gamma (γ) motor neurons play in the function of a muscle spindle? Select one: a. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating intrafusal fibers b. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating intrafusal fibers c. They coordinate the contraction of extrafusal and intrafusal fibers d. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating extrafusal fibers e. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating extrafusal fibersarrow_forwardThe image below shows a cross section through the spinal cord. Use the diagram to answer the following questions. a. What makes up the grey matter of the spinal cord? Why is this material grey? b. What makes up the white matter of the spinal cord? Why is this material white? c. Describe the functions of the following:i. Dorsal Horn. Ventral Horn. On the diagram, draw the pathway of information travel into and out of the spinal cord during a spinal reflex arc.arrow_forwardHuntington’s disease causes too much ballistic movement due to which of the following reasons? Group of answer choices Loss of the inhibitory connection between the striatum and the globus pallidus external Loss of the inhibitory connection between the striatum and the globus pallidus internal Loss of the inhibitory connection between the globus pallidus external and the globus pallidus internal Increased activity of globus pallidus internal neuronsarrow_forward