Chapter 13, Problem 13.12VP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An image representing various reactions is given. Various questions based on the given image are to be answered.

Concept introduction: According to the collision theory, for a reaction to take place the molecules must collide in proper orientation and must have minimum energy so that the effective collisions may occur.

To determine: The two images that describe the elementary steps which when combined depicts the destruction of Ozone by Chlorine.

Answer to Problem 13.12VP

Solution

The two images that describe the elementary steps which when combined depicts the destruction of Ozone by Chlorine are given by figure A and H.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The equation for the destruction of Ozone by Chlorine is given as,

${\text{O}}_3\left(g\right)+\text{Cl}\left(g\right)\to \text{ClO}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$ (1)

${\text{O}}_3\left(g\right)+\text{ClO}\left(g\right)\to \text{Cl}\left(g\right)+2{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$ (2)

The equation (1) is represented by the figure A as shown,

As three red balls correspond to ${\text{O}}_3$ while one green ball correspond to $\text{Cl}$. The equation (2) is represented by figure H as shown,

As three red balls correspond to ${\text{O}}_3$ and one combined red and green ball correspond to $\text{ClO}$ and one green ball correspond to $\text{Cl}$ and each of two combined red balls represent one molecule of Oxygen.

Conclusion

The two images that describe the elementary steps which when combined depicts the destruction of Ozone by Chlorine are given by figure A and H.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An image representing various reactions is given. Various questions based on the given image are to be answered.

Concept introduction: According to the collision theory, for a reaction to take place the molecules must collide in proper orientation and must have minimum energy so that the effective collisions may occur.

To determine: The image that represents the overall reaction for the Chlorine catalyzed destruction of Ozone.

Answer to Problem 13.12VP

Solution

The image that represents the overall reaction for the Chlorine catalyzed destruction of Ozone is given by figure E.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The equation for the destruction of Ozone by Chlorine is given as,

${\text{O}}_3\left(g\right)+\text{Cl}\left(g\right)\to \text{ClO}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$ (1)

${\text{O}}_3\left(g\right)+\text{ClO}\left(g\right)\to \text{Cl}\left(g\right)+2{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$ (2)

The overall reaction is given as,

${\text{2O}}_3\left(g\right)\to 3{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$

This situation is represented by figure E as shown below,

As three red balls combined in reactants correspond to ${\text{O}}_3$ while 3 images of combined two red balls correspond to ${\text{O}}_2$.

Conclusion

The image that represents the overall reaction for the Chlorine catalyzed destruction of Ozone is given by figure E.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An image representing various reactions is given. Various questions based on the given image are to be answered.

Concept introduction: According to the collision theory, for a reaction to take place the molecules must collide in proper orientation and must have minimum energy so that the effective collisions may occur.

To determine: The two images that describe the elementary steps which when combined describes the overall reaction in which ${\text{NO}}_3$ acts as an intermediate.

Answer to Problem 13.12VP

Solution

The two images that describe the elementary steps which when combined describe the overall reaction in which ${\text{NO}}_3$ acts as an intermediate are figure D and B.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The reaction involving ${\text{NO}}_3$ as an intermediate is given as,

${\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)+{\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)\to {\text{NO}}_3\left(g\right)+\text{NO}\left(g\right)$ (3)

${\text{NO}}_3\left(g\right)+\text{CO}\left(g\right)\to {\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)+{\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)$ (4)

The equation (3) is represented by figure D as shown below,

Here, a pair of combined red and blue balls corresponds to ${\text{NO}}_2$ and three combined red balls along with one blue ball corresponds to ${\text{NO}}_3$ and one combined red and blue ball correspond to $\text{NO}$. The equation (4) is represented by figure B as shown below,

Here, three combined red balls along with one blue ball corresponds to ${\text{NO}}_3$ and combined one red and black ball correspond to $\text{CO}$ while at the right hand side, combined two red and one blue ball correspond to ${\text{NO}}_2$ and combined two red and one black ball correspond to ${\text{CO}}_2$.

Conclusion

The two images that describe the elementary steps which when combined describe the overall reaction in which ${\text{NO}}_3$ acts as an intermediate are figure D and B.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An image representing various reactions is given. Various questions based on the given image are to be answered.

Concept introduction: According to the collision theory, for a reaction to take place the molecules must collide in proper orientation and must have minimum energy so that the effective collisions may occur.

To determine: The chemical equation for the reaction described in question (c).

Answer to Problem 13.12VP

Solution

The chemical equation for the reaction described in question (c) is,

${\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)+\text{CO}\left(g\right)\to {\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)+\text{NO}\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The reaction involving ${\text{NO}}_3$ as an intermediate is given as,

${\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)+{\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)\to {\text{NO}}_3\left(g\right)+\text{NO}\left(g\right)$ (3)

${\text{NO}}_3\left(g\right)+\text{CO}\left(g\right)\to {\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)+{\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)$ (4)

The chemical equation for the overall reaction is given by adding equation (3) and (4) as,

${\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)+\text{CO}\left(g\right)\to {\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)+\text{NO}\left(g\right)$

Conclusion

The chemical equation for the reaction described in question (c) is,

${\text{NO}}_2\left(g\right)+\text{CO}\left(g\right)\to {\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)+\text{NO}\left(g\right)$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An image representing various reactions is given. Various questions based on the given image are to be answered.

Concept introduction: According to the collision theory, for a reaction to take place the molecules must collide in proper orientation and must have minimum energy so that the effective collisions may occur.

To determine: The image that shows photodecomposition of Chlorofluorocarbons.

Answer to Problem 13.12VP

Solution

The image that shows photodecomposition of Chlorofluorocarbons is given by figure G.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The decomposition of Chlorofluorocarbons is given as,

${\text{CF}}_4\stackrel{h\nu }{\to }{\text{CF}}_3·+\text{F}·$

This equation is represented by figure G as shown below.

As four combined green and one black ball at left hand side corresponds to ${\text{CF}}_4$ while combined three green and one black ball and one single green ball correspond to ${\text{CF}}_3·$ and $\text{F}·$ respectively.

Conclusion

The image that shows photodecomposition of Chlorofluorocarbons is given by figure G.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An image representing various reactions is given. Various questions based on the given image are to be answered.

Concept introduction: According to the collision theory, for a reaction to take place the molecules must collide in proper orientation and must have minimum energy so that the effective collisions may occur.

To determine: The decreasing order for the collision between Ozone and chlorine atoms.

Answer to Problem 13.12VP

Solution

The decreasing order for the collision between Ozone and chlorine atoms is $\text{I}>\text{F}>\text{C}$.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The absence of Ozone is represented by the blue cloud. The cloud is bigger in figure I, it means Ozone is most depleted in figure I and it corresponds to the maximum number of collisions between Ozone and Chlorine atoms as shown below,

Then figure F shows the less depletion of Ozone in comparison to figure I as shown below,

The least depletion of Ozone is shown in figure C as shown below,

Therefore, the decreasing number of collisions is given by $\text{I}>\text{F}>\text{C}$.

Conclusion

The decreasing order for the collision between Ozone and chlorine atoms is $\text{I}>\text{F}>\text{C}$.