Evolution
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ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
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Chapter 12, Problem 4PDT
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason that mitochondrial mutations are more harmful to males as compared to females.
Introduction: Mutation can be defined as a mismatch or alternation of sequences of
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Do accumulated mutations in mitochondria
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All mutations in mitochondrial genes ultimately affect (whether directly or indirectly) the key function of mitochondria, which is to make ATP. Why then do mutations in different genes cause different diseases, with specific symptoms?
The DNA located inside of mitochondria exhibits approximately ten times the mutation rate seen in nuclear DNA. Provide an explanation as to why this is the case and what are the effects of this higher mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA on disease processes?
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- Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is a disease that involves degeneration of neural cells in the retina and results in loss of central vision. The disease is caused by mutations in any one of three genes in the mitochondrial genome that encode proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. In a genetic counseling clinic, a woman and her husband seek advice on the potential that any of their children would be afflicted with LHON. The husband's mother and father, both exhibit symptoms of the disease, but the woman does not. What is a reasonable advising statement to make?arrow_forwardA cell inherits a mutation in a gene that results in a transcription factor, called NF-kB, constantly being in its active conformation. When active, NF-kB stimulates the expression of cyclins that promote progression of the cell cycle, regardless of other conditions. As a result of this mutation, how would this cell's phenotype be affected by this mutation? A) This cell would have a cancer phenotype B) This cell would grow larger in size, but would never divide C) This cell would likely undergo apoptosis D) This cell would not duplicate its chromosomes .arrow_forwardIn Xenopus, one of the substrates of mitotic CDKs is the phosphatase Cdc25. When phosphorylated by mitotic CDKs, Cdc25 is activated. What is the substrate of Cdc25? How does this information help to explain the rapid rise in mitotic CDK activity as cells enter mitosis?arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY