Chapter 12, Problem 32A

Summary Introduction

To write:

Correct vocabulary that describes the given process

Introduction:

It is very important that cells control the expression of genes so that different genes are expressed at different times in an organism’s life. In simple organisms the control system is simple while in complex organisms the process is very complex as many genes interact with each other.

Answer to Problem 32A

Gene regulation

Explanation of Solution

Gene regulation is the ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment. Gene expression is regulated by the cell. There are different ways by which prokaryotes and eukaryotes control the expression of their genes.

In prokaryotes, an operon controls the transcription of genes in response to changes in the environment. An operon is a section of DNA that contains the genes for the proteins needed for a specific metabolic pathway. It consists of an operator, promoter, regulatory gene and the genes coding for proteins.

In eukaryotes, gene regulation is a very complex process. Transcription factors control gene expression by ensuring that the gene is used at the right time and proteins are made in right amount.