Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 15CYR
Fill in the blanks: The cell bodies of upper motor neurons reside in the _______and function to _________, whereas the cell bodies of lower motor neurons reside in the and function to ___________.
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Fill in the blanks: The cell bodies of upper motor neurons reside in the __________ and function to __________, whereas the cell bodies of lower motor neurons reside in the __________ and function to___________________
Match functions with parts of the central nervous system (CNS)
This structure regulates voluntary movements (checks what the brain has instructed against what is actually happening)
The primary motor area is located here
This structure is a major sensory relay centre
Thirst and satiety centres are located here
Which of the following would result in no movement (i.e. no activation of the motor
cortex)?
Stimulation of D2 Medium Spiny Neurons
Stimulation of D1 Medium Spiny Neurons
Inhibition of the Globus Pallidus Interna
Inhibition of the Globus Pallidus Externa
Both A & D are correct
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - What types of functions are performed by the CNS?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.1 - 4. What is the neural tube?
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.2 - Which component of the diencephalon performs each...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the basic anatomical arrangement of the...Ch. 12.2 - What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.2 - What are the general functions of the reticular...Ch. 12.3 - Which two body systems coordinate the maintenance...Ch. 12.3 - Which branch of the PNS controls most of the bodys...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.3 - What type of rhythm does human sleep follow?...Ch. 12.3 - 7. What is an electroencephalogram? What is the...Ch. 12.4 - 1. What is cognition? Which part of the brain is...Ch. 12.4 - What is cerebral lateralization? Which functions...Ch. 12.4 - 3. Define language in the context of neurology....Ch. 12.4 - Explain the differences between declarative memory...Ch. 12.4 - 5. How do immediate, short-term, and long-term...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.5 - 1. What are the three meninges, from superficial...Ch. 12.5 - 2. What are the three spaces (potential and...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.5 - 5. What two factors create the blood brain...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.6 - List and describe the three spinal meninges.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.6 - What is the cauda equina?Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 8QCCh. 12.7 - 1. Where are the posterior columns and their two...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.7 - How are touch and pain processed by the cerebral...Ch. 12.7 - 4. How is the processing of olfactory stimuli...Ch. 12.8 - What is the main difference between the...Ch. 12.8 - Where do the fibers of the corticospinal tracts...Ch. 12.8 - Where do upper motor neurons reside, and what are...Ch. 12.8 - What are the two parts of the basal nuclei...Ch. 12.8 - What is the overall function of the cerebellum?Ch. 12.8 - Trace the overall voluntary movement pathway from...Ch. 12 - The central nervous system is responsible for: a....Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the brain as...Ch. 12 - 3. Which of the following is not one of the basal...Ch. 12 - 4. Which statement about cerebral white matter is...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the cerebral...Ch. 12 - The central sulcus separates the: a. parietal and...Ch. 12 - 7. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - Which statement about the cranial meninges is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 12 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 12 - Mark the following statements about the spinal...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The tracts of the posterior...Ch. 12 - Which parts of the body have the greatest amount...Ch. 12 - Which of the following statements is false? a. The...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The cell bodies of upper motor...Ch. 12 - Label the following components of the...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements on the role of the...Ch. 12 - Which of the following somatic sensations is not...Ch. 12 - 19. Fill in the blanks: The two components of the...Ch. 12 - 20. Which of the following statements is false?
a....Ch. 12 - 21. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - 22. The part of the brain responsible for the...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: Declarative memories are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24CYRCh. 12 - Huntingtons disease is characterized by a loss of...Ch. 12 - How could you tell the difference between an...Ch. 12 - Why do injuries to the hippocampus interfere with...Ch. 12 - Ms. Norris is brought to the emergency department...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 12 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 12 - A new diet wonder drug is designed to block the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5AYKB
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- Which system within the CNS is the most powerful and profound for the motor funtions for our bodies?arrow_forwardInterneurons can act as “switches” that enable a movement to be turned on or off under the command of higher motor centers. How? Explain with an example?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the motor end plate in the somatic motor division of the nervous system is true? After the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, the neuron releases ACh onto the muscarinic receptors on the surface of the highly folded area of the muscle fibre. The preganglionic nerve fibre releases ACh onto the postganglionic nerve fibre, which then releases ACh onto the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate. Chemically gated monovalent cation channels on the motor end plate are activated once the motor neuron releases ACh onto the nicotinic receptors on the surface of the muscle cell. The AChE enzyme enhances the amount of ACh released into the neuromuscular junctionarrow_forward
- Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and explain why they are stimulated at the same time as alpha motor neurons during voluntary muscle contractions.arrow_forwardγ-motor neuron discharge to a muscle is inhibited by impulses reaching the γ-motor neurons from all the following source, except :-a- Golgi tendon organs of the same muscleb- spindles of antagonistic musclesc- medullary reticular formationd- pontine reticular formationarrow_forwardDepolarization of a motor nerve is produced by the ____ of _____ channels in the nodes of Ranvier: Opening, Na+ leak Closing, Na+ voltage-gated Opening, K+ leak Opening, Na+ voltage-gatedarrow_forward
- A half-second stimulation in the motor cortex produces what kind of result?A. Isolated muscle twitchesB. Contraction of a particular combination of musclesC. Contraction of whatever muscles are necessary to produce a particular outcomeD. Contractions of different muscles that vary unpredictably from one trial to anotherarrow_forwardThe shape of the cell bodies of upper and lower motor neurons are structurally classified as blank and blank, respectivelyarrow_forwardStimulation of D1 Medium Spiny Neurons in the Striatum causes of the Globus Pallidus and subsequent of the motor cortex. Inhibition; Interna; Activation Activation; Interna; Inhibition Inhibition; Externa; Activation Activation; Interna; Activationarrow_forward
- Which body regions are controlled by the largest areas of motor cortex—regions with a few large muscles or regions with numeroussmall muscles?arrow_forwardSomatic sensory and somatic motor information are propagated via specialized neurons. If you dip your toes in a hot tub before entering the tub, the action potentials generated by the water temperature travels via which of the following structures before it can be perceived by you? O unipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, ventral root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O unipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, dorsal root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O multipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, ventral root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O multipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerves, dorsal root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortexarrow_forward*When dynamic y-motor neurons are activated at the same time as a-motor neurons to muscle, [A] prompt inhibition of discharge in spindle la afferents takes place. [B] clonus is likely to occur. [C] the muscle will not contract. [D] the number of impulses in spindle la afferents is smaller than when a discharge alone is increased. [E] the number of impulses in spindle la afferents is greater than when a discharge alone is increased.arrow_forward
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