Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (Classic Version) (3rd Edition) (Pearson Modern Classics for Advanced Mathematics Series)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134689555
Author: Edgar Goodaire, Michael Parmenter
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1.2, Problem 11E
Find out what you can about Augustus De Morgan and write a paragraph or two about him, in good English, of course!
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7. [10 marks]
Let G
=
(V,E) be a 3-connected graph. We prove that for every x, y, z Є V, there is a
cycle in G on which x, y, and z all lie.
(a) First prove that there are two internally disjoint xy-paths Po and P₁.
(b) If z is on either Po or P₁, then combining Po and P₁ produces a cycle on which
x, y, and z all lie. So assume that z is not on Po and not on P₁. Now prove that
there are three paths Qo, Q1, and Q2 such that:
⚫each Qi starts at z;
• each Qi ends at a vertex w; that is on Po or on P₁, where wo, w₁, and w₂ are
distinct;
the paths Qo, Q1, Q2 are disjoint from each other (except at the start vertex
2) and are disjoint from the paths Po and P₁ (except at the end vertices wo,
W1, and w₂).
(c) Use paths Po, P₁, Qo, Q1, and Q2 to prove that there is a cycle on which x, y, and
z all lie. (To do this, notice that two of the w; must be on the same Pj.)
Chapter 1 Solutions
Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (Classic Version) (3rd Edition) (Pearson Modern Classics for Advanced Mathematics Series)
Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
“” means “”
Ch. 1.1 - A truth table based on four simple statements...Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
2. If is true, then is also...Ch. 1.1 - If p and q are both false, the truth value of...Ch. 1.1 - If pq is false, the truth value of (pq)(pq) is...Ch. 1.1 - pq andqp are logically equivalent.Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
7. A statement and its...Ch. 1.1 - (pq)(pq) is a tautology.Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
9. If B is a tautology and A...Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
10. If A and B are both...
Ch. 1.1 - Construct a truth table for each of the following...Ch. 1.1 - (a) If pq is false, determine the truth value of...Ch. 1.1 - 3. Determine the truth value for
when are all...Ch. 1.1 - 4. Repeat Exercise 3 in the case where are all...Ch. 1.1 - 5. (a) Show that is a tautology.
(b) Show that ...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.1 - 10. (a) Show that the statement is not logically...Ch. 1.1 - 11. If and are statements, then the compound...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
Two statements A and B are...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
2. “A B” and “A B” mean the...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
3. () () for any statement ....Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
4. for any statements
Ch. 1.2 - (p(qr))((pq)(pr)) for any statements p,q,r.Ch. 1.2 - ((pq))((p)(q)) for any statements p,q.Ch. 1.2 - If A Band C is any statement, then (A C) (B ...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
8. is in disjunctive normal...Ch. 1.2 - (pq(r))((p)(q)(r)) is in disjunctive normal form.Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
10. Disjunctive normal form...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 1.2 - (a) Show that p[(pq)] is a tautology. (b) What is...Ch. 1.2 - Simplify each of the following statements. (a)...Ch. 1.2 - 4. Using truth tables, verify the following...Ch. 1.2 - 5. Using the properties in the text together with...Ch. 1.2 - Prove that the statements (p(q))q and (p(q))p are...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.2 - Express each of the following statements in...Ch. 1.2 - Find out what you can about Augustus De Morgan and...Ch. 1.3 - True/False Questions
An argument is valid if,...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 3TFQCh. 1.3 - True/False Questions
4. De Morgan’s laws are two...Ch. 1.3 - The chain rule has pq and qr as its premises.Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 7TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 8TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 9TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 10TFQCh. 1.3 - Determine whether or not each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - 2. Verify that each of the five rules of inference...Ch. 1.3 - Verify that each of the following arguments is...Ch. 1.3 - Test the validity of each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - 5. Determine the validity of each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.3 - 10. What language is being used when we say “modus...Ch. 1 - Construct a truth table for the compound statement...Ch. 1 - Determine the truth value of [p(q((r)s))](rt),...Ch. 1 - 3. Determine whether each statement is a...Ch. 1 - Two compound statements A and B have the property...Ch. 1 - 5. (a) Suppose A, B, and C are compound statements...Ch. 1 - Establish the logical equivalence of each of the...Ch. 1 - 7. Express each of the following statements in...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each of the following arguments...Ch. 1 - Discuss the validity of the argument pq(p)r Purple...Ch. 1 - 10. Determine the validity of each of the...
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- 6. [10 marks] Let T be a tree with n ≥ 2 vertices and leaves. Let BL(T) denote the block graph of T. (a) How many vertices does BL(T) have? (b) How many edges does BL(T) have? Prove that your answers are correct.arrow_forward4. [10 marks] Find both a matching of maximum size and a vertex cover of minimum size in the following bipartite graph. Prove that your answer is correct. ย ພarrow_forward5. [10 marks] Let G = (V,E) be a graph, and let X C V be a set of vertices. Prove that if |S||N(S)\X for every SCX, then G contains a matching M that matches every vertex of X (i.e., such that every x X is an end of an edge in M).arrow_forward
- Q/show that 2" +4 has a removable discontinuity at Z=2i Z(≥2-21)arrow_forwardRefer to page 100 for problems on graph theory and linear algebra. Instructions: • Analyze the adjacency matrix of a given graph to find its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. • Interpret the eigenvalues in the context of graph properties like connectivity or clustering. Discuss applications of spectral graph theory in network analysis. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 110 for problems on optimization. Instructions: Given a loss function, analyze its critical points to identify minima and maxima. • Discuss the role of gradient descent in finding the optimal solution. . Compare convex and non-convex functions and their implications for optimization. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 140 for problems on infinite sets. Instructions: • Compare the cardinalities of given sets and classify them as finite, countable, or uncountable. • Prove or disprove the equivalence of two sets using bijections. • Discuss the implications of Cantor's theorem on real-world computation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 120 for problems on numerical computation. Instructions: • Analyze the sources of error in a given numerical method (e.g., round-off, truncation). • Compute the error bounds for approximating the solution of an equation. • Discuss strategies to minimize error in iterative methods like Newton-Raphson. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 145 for problems on constrained optimization. Instructions: • Solve an optimization problem with constraints using the method of Lagrange multipliers. • • Interpret the significance of the Lagrange multipliers in the given context. Discuss the applications of this method in machine learning or operations research. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
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