Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1.13, Problem 1CR
What insights led to the reconstruction of the tree of life? Which domain, Archaea or Eukarya, is more closely related to Bacteria? What evidence is there to justify your answer?
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Why were Archaea originally thought to be simply unusual forms of Bacteria? What lines of evidence showed this domain to form a distinct branch on the tree of life?
Which domain, Archaea or Eukarya, is more closelyrelated to Bacteria? What evidence is there to justifyyour answer?
All of the following statements are true about the3-domain classification system EXCEPT:(a) The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.(b) Lateral gene transfer has forced us to rethink our do-main model from a “tree of life” to a “shrub of life.”(c) Domains are higher than the category of kingdoms.(d) Compared to Bacteria, Archaea inhabit the same en-virons and have the same amount of peptidoglycan intheir cell walls.(e) All of the above are true.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - In what ways are microorganisms important to...Ch. 1.1 - Why are microbial cells useful for understanding...Ch. 1.1 - What is a microbial colony and how is one formed?Ch. 1.1 - What are bacterial colonies and how are they...Ch. 1.2 - What structures are universal to all types of...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.2 - What structures can be used to distinguish between...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.3 - How old is Earth and when did cells first appear...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 1.3 - Why were cyanobacteria so important in the...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 1.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.5 - Define the terms magnification and resolution.Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.6 - How can cells be made to fluoresce?Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 1.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.9 - Besides ending the controversy over spontaneous...Ch. 1.9 - Explain the principle behind the Pasteur flask in...Ch. 1.10 - How do Kochs postulates ensure that cause and...Ch. 1.10 - What advantages do solid media offer for the...Ch. 1.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 1.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 1.11 - What is meant by the term enrichment culture?Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 1.11 - What were the major microbiological interests of...Ch. 1.12 - Describe the experiments that proved DNA was the...Ch. 1.12 - Why are microbial cells useful tools for basic...Ch. 1.12 - Describe the experiments that proved DNA to be the...Ch. 1.13 - What kinds of evidence support the three-domain...Ch. 1.13 - What is a phylogenetic tree?Ch. 1.13 - List three reasons why rRNA genes are suitable for...Ch. 1.13 - What insights led to the reconstruction of the...Ch. 1.14 - How are viruses different from Bacteria, Archaea,...Ch. 1.14 - What four bacterial phyla contain the most...Ch. 1.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 1.14 - What features (or lack of features) can be used to...Ch. 1 - Pasteurs experiments on spontaneous generation...Ch. 1 - Describe the lines of proof Robert Koch used to...Ch. 1 - Imagine that all microorganisms suddenly...
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- Bacteria and Archaea are sometimes termed nature’s master chemists. Why is this a more apt description for members of the Prokaryotic tree of life than the branch of Eukaryotic life?arrow_forwardWhy are bacteria and archaea classified into different domainsarrow_forwardEukaryotes are sometimes termed nature’s master builders. Why is this a more apt description for members of the Eukaryotic branch tree of life than Prokaryotic branches life?arrow_forward
- Explain the three domains of life (Bacteria, Archea and Eukaryota) If you were to choose what domain would you be in?arrow_forwardHow many species of Bacteria and Archaea have been named?How many likely exist?arrow_forward1) Name and give a brief account of the theory that explains the evolution of Eukaryotic cells from Prokaryotic cells. 2) Explain the reactions that occur to form polysaccharides, using starch as an example. 3) What do enzymes do? What are their main structural features? Give an example of a biological enzyme. 4) Describe the structure of fats and lipids. Why are some solid at room temperature whereas others, particularly from plants, are liquid? Briefly describe the structure of an animal cell. What are the main differences between animal and plant cells? Briefly outline the steps involved in the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cellsarrow_forward
- What data might make you conclude that the eukaryotes should be in more than one domain? What domain would you hypothesize might be required?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about eukaryotes is correct? - Eukaryotes are life forms that possess a nucleus in the cells. - Some cellular features, such as endoplasmic reticulum, is uniquely eukaryotic and is not shared with either bacteria or archaea. - It has been hypothesized that the first eukaryotic cell is a chimera between a bacterium and an archaeon. - During phylogenetic reconstruction, it is often found that eukaryotic genes that are responsible for information processing are more closely related to corresponding archaeal genes than to bacterial genes. - All of the abovearrow_forwardA colleague proposes that the Archaea may be the oldest life form currently inhabiting Earth. Do you agree? Explain.arrow_forward
- Which statement best explains why a third domain, Archaea, was added to the original two domains of Bacteria and Eukarya? Question 10 options: Scientists discovered that eukaryotes are unicellular. Scientists discovered that some prokaryotes live in extreme environments. Scientists discovered that eukaryotes have cell walls. Scientists discovered that some prokaryotes have cell walls.arrow_forwardbacteria and archaea are both prokaryotes. But Carl Woese proposed that archaea are closer to eukaryotes. What’s the evidence for his theory?arrow_forwardHow does the emergence of endosymbiotic theory change the way humans view microorganisms? Will people be comfortable imagining that the life functions of plants and animals, including their own, are actually dependent on the coexistence of many different microscopic pieces? This question is not answered yetarrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License