HUMAN ANATOMY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260210262
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 11.2, Problem 9BYGO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The principle benefit when the value of the musculoskeletal lever with that of mechanical advantage is less than 1.0 and the contrasting benefit when the value exceeds 1.0.
Introduction:
The major function of the lever is the rise in the speed and distance along with the force of motion. The force can be either to exert more force or to move the object far away.
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The graphs below show the force-versus-shortening-velocity and power-versus-
shortening-velocity curves for four muscles in the human lower extremity. Note
that these curves show this relationship only for shortening activations (positive
shortening velocities), not lengthening activations. And, note that the values
displayed on the axes of the graphs are absolute (not normalized) values of force,
power, and velocity.
These graphs apply to the next three questions.
Force vs Shortening Velocity
Power vs Shortening Velocity
1,500
400
1,200
300
2 900
200
600
100
300
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Shortening Velocity (m/s)
Shortening Velocity (m/s)
muscle 1
muscle 3
muscle 2
muscle 4
Force (N)
Power (W)
ney:
Load (L) = 5 kgs
= Effort
E = Fulcrum
Weight of forearm = 1.8 kgs
L = Load
Biceps brachii
muscle
Distance of load from elbow joint = 35 cm
%3D
Effort (E) = contraction
of biceps brachii
Distance of center of mass of forearm from elbow = 17 cm
Distance of tendon from elbow = 4 cm
A) Draw the free-body diagram to represent the forces and moments
Load (L) = weight of
object plus forearm
B) Write the torque equation for static equilibrium
Fulcrum (F) = elbow joint
We move a lot and do not even realize how intricate these movements may be from gross motor to fine motor manipulations. Briefly explain the steps involved in a single muscle contraction beginning at the neuromuscular junction through one complete contraction and relaxation for the sliding filament theory. Don’t forget to include all the major proteins (actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin) involved as well as calcium and ATP.
Chapter 11 Solutions
HUMAN ANATOMY
Ch. 11.1 - Name and define each connective tissue of a muscle...Ch. 11.1 - Describe how the fascicles of a muscle are...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 11.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 11.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 11.2 - Prob. 9BYGO
Ch. 11.3 - What is meant by the innervation of a muscle? Why...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 11.4 - Of the muscles you have studied so far, name three...Ch. 11.4 - Name two muscles that elevate the upper lip and...Ch. 11.4 - Name the four paired muscles of mastication and...Ch. 11.4 - Distinguish between the functions of the...Ch. 11.4 - List the prime movers of neck extension and...Ch. 11.5 - What muscles are eaten as “spare ribs”? What is...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 11.5 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 11.5 - Name a major superficial muscle and two major deep...Ch. 11.5 - Define perineum, urogenital triangle, and anal...Ch. 11.5 - Name one muscle in the superficial perineal space,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1.1AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.2AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.3AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.4AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.5AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.6AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.7AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.8AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.9AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.1AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.2AYLOCh. 11 - The three basic components of a lever and how...Ch. 11 - Why a single musculoskeletal lever cannot produce...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2.5AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.1AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.2AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.1AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.2AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.3AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.4AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.5AYLOCh. 11 - Three muscles of the cheek, chin, and anterior...Ch. 11 - The difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic...Ch. 11 - Four extrinsic tongue muscles-the genioglossus,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.4.9AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.10AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.11AYLOCh. 11 - Four muscles of the infrahyoid group-the omohyoid,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.4.13AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.14AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.15AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.16AYLOCh. 11 - The diaphragm and the three layers of intercostal...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.5.2AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.3AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.4AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.5AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.6AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.7AYLOCh. 11 - The boundaries of the perineum; its two triangles;...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.5.9AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.10AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.11AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.12AYLOCh. 11 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 11 - Which of these is not a suprahyoid muscle?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 11 - A muscle that aids in chewing without moving the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 11 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 11 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 11 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 11 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 11 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 11 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 11 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 11 - State a meaning of each word element and give a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 11 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 11 - Prob. 1WWWTSCh. 11 - Prob. 2WWWTSCh. 11 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4WWWTSCh. 11 - Prob. 5WWWTSCh. 11 - Prob. 6WWWTSCh. 11 - Prob. 7WWWTSCh. 11 - Prob. 8WWWTSCh. 11 - Prob. 9WWWTSCh. 11 - Prob. 10WWWTSCh. 11 - Name one antagonist of each of the following...Ch. 11 - Name one synergist of each of the following...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 11 - Remova of cancerous lymph nodes from the neck...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5TYC
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