Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321989178
Author: Neil A. Weiss
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 11.2, Problem 77E
RBC Transfusions. In the article “Reduction in Red Blood Cells Transfusions Among Preterm Infants: Results of a Randomized Trial With an In-Line Blood Gas and Chemistry Monitor” (Pediatrics, Vol. 115, Issue 5, pp. 1299–1306), J. Widness et al. examined extremely premature infants who develop anemia caused by intensive laboratory blood testing and multiple red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. The goal of the study was to reduce the number of RBC transfusions. Two groups were studied, a control group and a monitor group (which used the in-line blood gas and chemistry monitor). Data on hemoglobin level, in grams per liter (g/L), based on the results of the study, are provided on the WeissStats site. Use the technology of your choice to solve parts (a)–(c).
- a. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the variation in hemoglobin level is less without the inline blood gas and chemistry monitor? Perform a two-standard-deviations F-test at the 5% significance level.
- b. Use the two-standard-deviations F-interval procedure to determine a 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of hemoglobin levels with and without the inline blood gas and chemistry monitor.
- c. Obtain a normal
probability plot for each sample. - d. In light of your plots in part (c), does conducting the inferences you did in parts (a) and (b) seem reasonable? Explain your answer.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Dexamethasone and IQ. In the paper “Outcomes at School Age After Postnatal Dexamethasone Therapy for Lung Disease of Prematurity” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, No. 13, pp. 1304–1313), T. Yeh et al. studied the outcomes at school age in children who had participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of early postnatal dexamethasone therapy for the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity. One result reported in the study was that, at school age, the control group of 74 children had an average IQ score of 84.4, whereas the dexamethasone group of 72 children had an average IQ score of 78.
a. experimental units.
b. response variable.
c. factor(s).
d. levels of each factor.
e. treatments.
Dexamethasone and IQ. In the paper “Outcomes at School Age After Postnatal Dexamethasone Therapy for Lung Disease of Prematurity” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, No. 13, pp. 1304–1313), T. Yeh et al. studied the outcomes at school age in children who had participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of early postnatal dexamethasone therapy for the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity. All of the infants in the study had had severe respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation shortly after birth. On the WeissStats site, we provide the school-age IQs of the 74 children in the control group, based on the study results. Use the technology of your choice to do the following.
a. Obtain a normal probability plot, boxplot, histogram, and stemand-leaf diagram of the data.
b. Based on your results from part (a), can you reasonably apply one-standard-deviation χ2-procedures to the data? Explain your reasoning.
c. Overall, IQs of school-age…
Dark Chocolate for Good Health
A study¹ examines chocolate's effects on blood vessel function in healthy people. In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
study, 11 people received 46 grams (1.6 ounces) of dark chocolate (which is naturally flavonoid-rich) every day for two weeks, while a
control group of 10 people received a placebo consisting of dark chocolate with low flavonoid content. Participants had their vascular
health measured (by means of flow-mediated dilation) before and after the two-week study. The increase over the two-week period
was measured, with larger numbers indicating greater vascular health. For the group getting the good dark chocolate, the mean
increase was 1.3 with a standard deviation of 2.32, while the control group had a mean change of -0.96 with a standard deviation of
1.58.
¹Engler, M., et. al., "Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in
healthy adults," Journal of the…
Chapter 11 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - What is meant by saying that a variable has a...Ch. 11.1 - How are different chi-square distributions...Ch. 11.1 - Two 2-curves have degrees of freedom 12 and 20,...Ch. 11.1 - The t-table has entries for areas of 0.10, 0.05,...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.1 - In Exercises 11.511.2, use Table VII to find the...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.1 - When you use chi-square procedures to make...Ch. 11.1 - Give two situations in which making an inference...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.1 - In each of Exercises 11.1511.20, we have provided...Ch. 11.1 - In each of Exercises 11.1511.20, we have provided...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 18ECh. 11.1 - In each of Exercises 11.1511.20, we have provided...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.1 - Preliminary data analyses and other information...Ch. 11.1 - Preliminary data analyses and other information...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 11.1 - In Exercises 11.2711.32, use Procedure 11.2 on...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 28ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 11.1 - In Exercises 11.2711.32, use Procedure 11.2 on...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 31ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 32ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 33ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 34ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 35ECh. 11.1 - In each of Exercises 11.3311.36, use the...Ch. 11.1 - Body Temperature. A study by researchers at the...Ch. 11.1 - Dexamethasone and IQ. In the paper Outcomes at...Ch. 11.1 - Forearm Length. In 1903, K. Pearson and A. Lee...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 40ECh. 11.2 - How many numbers of degrees of freedom does an...Ch. 11.2 - What symbol is used to denote the F-value having...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 11.2 - An F-curve has df = (12, 7). What is the number of...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 11.2 - In Exercises 11.4711.54, use Table VIII and, if...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 11.2 - In Exercises 11.4711.54, use Table VIII and, if...Ch. 11.2 - In Exercises 11.4711.54, use Table VIII and, if...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 54ECh. 11.2 - In using F-procedures to make inferences for two...Ch. 11.2 - Give two situations in which comparing two...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 57ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 58ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 59ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 60ECh. 11.2 - In each of Exercises 11.5711.62, we have provided...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 62ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 63ECh. 11.2 - Preliminary data analyses and other information...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 65ECh. 11.2 - Preliminary data analyses and other information...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 67ECh. 11.2 - Preliminary data analyses and other information...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 69ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 70ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 71ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 72ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 73ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 74ECh. 11.2 - The Etruscans. Anthropologists are still trying to...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 76ECh. 11.2 - RBC Transfusions. In the article Reduction in Red...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 79ECh. 11 - What distribution is used in this chapter to make...Ch. 11 - Fill in the blanks. a. A 2-curve is _____ skewed....Ch. 11 - When you use the one-standard-deviation 2-test or...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4RPCh. 11 - Prob. 5RPCh. 11 - Prob. 6RPCh. 11 - Prob. 7RPCh. 11 - Prob. 8RPCh. 11 - What distribution is used in this chapter to make...Ch. 11 - Fill in the blanks: a. An F-curve is ____ skewed....Ch. 11 - When you use the two-standard-deviations F-test....Ch. 11 - Prob. 12RPCh. 11 - Prob. 13RPCh. 11 - Prob. 14RPCh. 11 - Prob. 15RPCh. 11 - Prob. 16RPCh. 11 - Prob. 17RPCh. 11 - Prob. 18RPCh. 11 - Prob. 19RPCh. 11 - Prob. 20RPCh. 11 - Prob. 21RPCh. 11 - Prob. 22RPCh. 11 - Prob. 23RPCh. 11 - Microwave Popcorn. Two brands of microwave...Ch. 11 - Recall from Chapter 1 (see page 34) that the Focus...Ch. 11 - At the beginning of this chapter, we discussed...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Stressed-Out Bus Drivers. Previous studies have shown that urban bus drivers have an extremely stressful job, and a large proportion of drivers retire prematurely with disabilities due to occupational stress. In the paper, “Hassles on the Job: A Study of a Job Intervention With Urban Bus Drivers” (Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 20, pp. 199–208), G. Evans et al. examined the effects of an intervention program to improve the conditions of urban bus drivers.Amongother variables, the researchers monitored diastolic blood pressure of bus drivers in downtown Stockholm, Sweden. The data, in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), on the WeissStats site are based on the blood pressures obtained prior to intervention for the 41 bus drivers in the study. Use the technology of your choice to do the following. a. Obtain a normal probability plot, boxplot, histogram, and stemand-leaf diagram of the data. b. Based on your results from part (a), can you reasonably apply the one-mean t-test to the…arrow_forwardNeutropenia. Neutropenia is an abnormally low number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood. Chemotherapy often reduces the number of neutrophils to a level that makes patients susceptible to fever and infections. G. Bucaneve et al. published a study of such cancer patients in the paper “Levofloxacin to Prevent Bacterial Infection in Patients With Cancer and Neutropenia” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 353, No. 10, pp. 977–987). For the study, 375 patients were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of levofloxacin, and 363 were given placebo. In the group receiving levofloxacin, fever was present in 243 patients for the duration of neutropenia, whereas fever was experienced by 308 patients in the placebo group. a. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that levofloxacin is effective in reducing the occurrence of fever in such patients? b. Find a 98% confidence level for the difference in the proportions of such…arrow_forwardAngioplasty is a medical procedure in which an obstructed blood vessel is widened. In some cases, a wire mesh tube, called a stent, is placed in the vessel to help it remain open. The article “Long-term Outcomes of Patients Receiving Drug-eluting Stents” (A. Philpott, D. Southern, et al., Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2009:167–174) presents the results of a study comparing the effectiveness of a bare metal stent with one that that has been coated with a drug designed to prevent reblocking of the vessel. A total of 5320 patients received bare metal stents, and of these, 841 needed treatment for reblocking within a year. A total of 1120 received drug coated stents, and 134 of them required treatment within a year. a) Find a 98% confidence interval for the differences between the proportions for drug coated stents and bare metal stents. b) Suppose that additional patients are to be treated in order to increase the precision of the confidence interval. Three sampling plans are…arrow_forward
- 27. Lower Limb Surgery. The study "Intrathecal Sufentanil ver- sus Fentanyl for Lower Limb Surgeries- A Randomized Controlled Trial" (Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 67-73) by P. Motiani et al. compares two different agents, intrathecal sufentail and fentanyl, used in enhancing the anesthesiol- ogy of patients receiving major lower limb surgery. One variable com- pared between the two agents was the amount of blood loss during the surgery. Based on the study, we will assume that, using fentanyl, the amount of blood loss during major lower limb surgery is normally distributed with mean 283.3 ml and standard deviation 83.3 ml. Find the percentage of patients whose amount of blood loss during major lower limb surgery using fentanyl is a. less than 304 ml. b. between 221 and 429 ml. c. more than 450 ml.arrow_forwardCloud seeding, a process in which chemicals such as silver iodide and frozen carbon dioxide are introduced by aircraft into clouds to promote rainfall was widely used in the 20-th century. Recent research has questioned its effectiveness [Journal of Atmospheric Research (2010, Vol. 97 (2), pp. 513-525)]. An experiment was performed by randomly assigning 52 clouds to be seeded or not. The amount of rain generated was then measured in acre-feet. Here are the data for the unseeded and seeded clouds: Unseeded: 81.2 26.1 95.0 41.1 28.6 21.7 11.5 68.5 345.5 321.2 1202.6 1.0 4.9 163.0 372.4 244.3 47.3 87.0 26.3 24.4 830.1 4.9 36.6 147.8 17.3 29.0 Seeded: 274.7 302.8 242.5 255.0 17.5 115.3 31.4 703.4 334.1 430.0 1697.8 118.3 198.6 129.6 274.7 119.0 1656.0 7.7 40.6 92.4 200.7 32.7 4.1 978.0 489.1 2745.6 Construct a frequence distribution for the combined cloud-seeding rain measurements. Use 6 bins. Class Frequency -250 < x < 250 250 < x < 750 750 < x < 1250 1250 < x < 1750 1750 < x < 2250 2250…arrow_forwardPulmonary Hypertension. In the paper “Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Neonate and Asymmetric Growth Restriction” (Obstetrics&Gynecology, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 336–341), M. Williams et al. reported on a study of characteristics of neonates. Infants treated for pulmonary hypertension, called the PH group, were compared with those not so treated, called the control group. One of the characteristics measured was head circumference. The mean head circumference of the 10 infants in the PH group was 34.2 centimeters (cm). a. Assuming that head circumferences for infants treated for pulmonary hypertension are normally distributed with standard deviation 2.1 cm, determine a 90% confidence interval for the mean head circumference of all such infants. b. Obtain the margin of error, E, for the confidence interval you found in part (a). c. Explain the meaning of E in this context in terms of the accuracy of the estimate. d. Determine the sample size required to have a margin of error of…arrow_forward
- Low-Birth-Weight Hospital Stays. Data on low-birthweight babies were collected over a 2-year period by 14 participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Results were reported by J. Lemons et al. in the on-line paper “Very Low Birth Weight Outcomes of the National Institute of ChildHealth and Human Development Neonatal Research Network” (Pediatrics, Vol. 107, No. 1, p. e1). For the 1084 surviving babies whose birth weights were 751– 1000 grams, the average length of stay in the hospital was 86 days, although one center had an average of 66 days and another had an average of 108 days. a. Can the mean lengths of stay be considered population means? Explain your answer.b. Assuming that the population standard deviation is 12 days, determine the z-score for a baby’s length of stay of 86 days at the center where the mean was 66 days.c. Assuming that the population standard deviation is 12 days, determine the z-score for a…arrow_forwardToxic Mushrooms? Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to animals. Mushrooms, however, are able to absorb and accumulate cadmium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et al. measured the cadmium levels in a random sample of the edible mushroom Boletus pinicola and published the results in the paper “Influence of Some Factors in Toxicity and Accumulation of Cd from Edible Wild Macrofungi in NW Spain” (Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Vol. B33(4), pp. 439–455). A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether the mean cadmium level in Boletus pinicola mushrooms is greater than the government’s recommended limit. a. determine the null hypothesis. b. determine the alternative hypothesis. c. classify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.arrow_forwardAspirin and Cardiovascular Disease. In the article by P. Ridker et al. titled “A Randomized Trial of Low-dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease inWomen” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, pp. 1293–1304), the researchers noted that “We randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women 45 years of age or older to receive 100 mg of aspirin or placebo on alternate days and then monitored them for 10 years for a first major cardiovascular event (i.e., nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes).”arrow_forward
- AVONEX and MS. An issue of Inside MS contained an article describing AVONEX (interferon beta-1a), a drug used in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Included in the article was a report on “. . . adverse events and selected laboratory abnormalities that occurred at an incidence of 2% or more among the 158 multiple sclerosis patients treated with 30 mcg of AVONEX once weekly by IM injection.” In the study, 158 patients took AVONEX and 143 patients were given placebo. a. Is this study observational or is it a designed experiment?b. Identify the treatment group, control group, and treatmentsarrow_forwardTreating Psychotic Illness. L. Petersen et al. evaluated the effects of integrated treatment for patients with a first episode of psychotic illness in the paper “A Randomised Multicentre Trial of Integrated Versus Standard Treatment for Patients with a First Episode of Psychotic Illness” (British Medical Journal, Vol. 331, (7517):602). Part of the study included a questionnaire that was designed to measure client satisfaction for both the integrated treatment and a standard treatment. The data on the WeissStats site are based on the results of the client questionnaire. a. use the technology of your choice to obtain boxplots for the data sets, using the same scale. b. compare the data sets by using your results from part (a), paying special attention to center and variation.arrow_forwardThe article “Treadmill Exercise and Resistance Training in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease With and Without Intermittent Claudication. A Randomized Controlled Trial” (M. McDermott, P. Ades, et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, 2009:165–174) reported the results of a study to determine whether treadmill exercise could improve the walking ability of patients suffering from claudication, which is pain caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscles of the legs. A sample of 48 patients walked on a treadmill for six minutes every day. After six months, the mean distance walked in six minutes was 348 meters, with a standard deviation of 80 m. For a control group of 46 patients who did not walk on a treadmill, the mean distance was 309 m with a standard deviation of 89 m. Can you conclude that the mean distance walked for patients using a treadmill is greater than the mean for the controls? Use the α = 0.05 level of significance.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsStatisticsISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...StatisticsISBN:9781305251809Author:Jay L. DevorePublisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...StatisticsISBN:9781305504912Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. WallnauPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...StatisticsISBN:9780134683416Author:Ron Larson, Betsy FarberPublisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319042578Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. FlignerPublisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319013387Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. CraigPublisher:W. H. Freeman
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305251809
Author:Jay L. Devore
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305504912
Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...
Statistics
ISBN:9780134683416
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319042578
Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319013387
Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA); Author: Dr. Bharatendra Rai;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFo1MwLoxU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY