(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of D-Allose: Epimeric at C-3 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. Anomers are the glycosides or cyclic monosaccharides that are epimers. These are different from each other in the configuration of C-1 (aldoses) or at C-2 if (ketoses).
Answer to Problem 9P
The structure of D-Allose:
Explanation of Solution
When two sugars vary in their configuration around one carbon atom then those sugars are known as epimers of each other.
The structure of D-Allose: Epimeric at C-3 is given below:
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of D-Altrose: Isomeric at C-2 and C-3 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Answer to Problem 9P
The structure of D-Altrose:
Explanation of Solution
Glucose is an aldose as it contains one
The structure of D-Altrose: Isomeric at C-2 and C-3 is given below:
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure of D-Mannose: Eplmeric at C-2 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Answer to Problem 9P
The structure of D-Mannose:
Explanation of Solution
Anomers are the glycosides or cyclic monosaccharides that are epimers. These are different from each other in the configuration of C-1 (aldoses) or at C-2 if (ketoses). In a pair of anomers, the anomer containing the alkoxy group or hydroxy group is pointing up on the anomeric carbon is known as the ß-anomer.
The structure of D-Mannose: Eplmeric at C-2 is given below:
(d)
Interpretation:
The structure of D- Gulose: Isomeric at C-3 and C-4
should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Answer to Problem 9P
The structure of D- Gulose:
Explanation of Solution
Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. Mannose is a sugar of the hexose group. It occurs as a constituent of several natural polysaccharides.
The structure of D- Gulose: Isomeric at C-3 and C-4 is given below:
(e)
Interpretation:
The structure of D-Idose: Isomeric at C-2, C-3, and C-4 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Answer to Problem 9P
The structure of D-Idose:
Explanation of Solution
Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. Mannose is a sugar of the hexose group. It occurs as a constituent of several natural polysaccharides.
The structure of D-Idose: Isomeric at C-2, C-3, and C-4 is given below:
(f)
Interpretation:
The structure of D-Galactose: Epimeric at C-4 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Answer to Problem 9P
The structure of D-Galactose:
Explanation of Solution
Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. When two sugars vary in their configuration around one carbon atom then those sugars are known as epimers of each other.
The structure of D-Galactose: Epimeric at C-4 is given below:
(g)
Interpretation:
The structure of D-Talose: Isomeric at C-2 and C-4 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are present in foods, living tissues. These include sugars, cellulose, and starch. These are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen in a similar ratio as in water (2:1). They are usually broken down to release the energy in the animal body. These are of three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Answer to Problem 9P
The structure of D-Talose:
Explanation of Solution
Glucose is an aldose as it contains one aldehyde group per molecule in its acyclic form. When two sugars vary in their configuration around one carbon atom then those sugars are known as epimers of each other.
The structure of D-Talose: Isomeric at C-2 and C-4 is given below:
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Biochemistry (Looseleaf)
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- . Provide an explanation for the fact that a-D-mannose is more stable than B-D-mannose, whereas the opposite is true for glucose.arrow_forwarda. Suppose that you have the peptide Ala-Gly-Tyr-His-Leu and you treat it with FDNB and then 6M HCl. Draw the structures of all the products that you will have in solution (assume all reactions to go to completion).arrow_forwardН. Based on what you know about the classification and structure of galactose, HO- what possible results would you obtain if H- ОН Но- H- H. но- you were to perform the following tests? (+) negative (-) and explain in one sentence) ОН (indicate whether positive or ČH2OH Test Result Explanation Benedict's Barfoed's Seliwanoff's lodine Test I Iarrow_forward
- Cyclic forms of D-glucose: Haworth formula The furanose and pyranose forms of D-glucose can be presented using Haworth formula. The following templates are used for this formula. Note the numbering of the carbon atoms and the anomeric carbon (this carbon defines the alpha and beta isomer). Furanose template (furan) Pyranose template (pyran) anomeric carbon anomeric carbon Compare the Fisher and Haworth formula of D-glucofuranose and D-glucopyranose. Notice that the groups attached to C-1, C-2, and C-3 on the left side of the Fisher formula are written above the plane of the furanose template. Fisher formula Haworth formula H FOH H-2 HOH,č 5 -OH FOH- H HO-3H 4 он H 1 H-4 H-5 H OH 3 6 CH2OH H OH Alpha-D-glucofuranose Alpha-D-glucofuranose HOH2C- он OH но H FOH- OH Но H H. OH H ČH2OH Beta-D-glucofuranose Beta-D-glucofuranosearrow_forwardSUCROSE: Are there group L-carbohydrates? Do anomers have differences? How about sucrose? What is the systematic name of sucrose and it is reducing sugar? Why or why not?arrow_forwardLong explanations are not needed. Direct answers may suffice. a. B-D-2-Deoxyribose is an aldopentose component of the nucleic acid structure with its -OH group at C-3 reduced to -H. I. True II. False b. Aldohexoses commonly exist in living systems in either the straight chain or ring (pyranose) forms. I. True II.Falsearrow_forward
- cotton. Which aspect of the structure of cellulose accounts for its strength? Cellulose is an abundant structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, wood, and interchain hydrogen bonding between extended molecular chains repeating unit of N-acetylglucosamine a(1→4) linkages between glucose units branches that occur every 12-30 residues forms a helical conformation in water Which of the following is not correct about chitin? fundamental constituent of the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and spiders b) chitin chains form extended ribbons that pack side-by side a) similar to cellulose but with repeating units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine c) d) found mainly in the liver in humans, making up as much as 10% of liver mass stacked sheets of chitin strands are stabilized by intrastrand, interstrand, and intersheet hydrogen bondsarrow_forwardLong explanations are not needed. Direct answers would suffice. ***kind of in a hurry so having the answer asap would greatly be appreciated, thank you :)) a. Which of the following is FALSE about sucrose? i. It is a non-reducing sugar. ii. It is the transport sugar in plants. iii. It is a disaccharide. iv. Its monosaccharide units are linked via glycosidic bond α1→β1. v. It is composed of glucose and fructose. b. How many carbon atoms are found in the smallest molecules that can be classified as carbohydrates? i. 5 ii. 2 iii. 1 iv. 4 v. 3arrow_forwardIdentify. Examine the following four amino acids (A-D): Co0 "H,N- CH "H,N CH "H;N-CH "H,N CH CH2 CH2 CH, CH CH2 CH3 CH, CH2 OH NH," B D What are their names, three-letter abbreviations, and one-letter symbols?arrow_forward
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