Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 7RQ
Which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle?
- The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides.
- The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon horn all directions.
- The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon horn one side.
- The muscle fibers on one side of a tendon feed into it at a certain angle and muscle fibers on the other side of the tendon feed into it at the opposite angle.
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Arrange the steps of muscle innervation and contraction in response to touching a hot plate.
appendage is removed from stimulus
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muscle contraction occurs and the sarcomere shortens
Myosin heads bind thin filament
Calcium binds troponin
Calcium is released
T tubules carry the action potential to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Action potential is generated in the sarcolemma as a result of opened sodium channels
The presynaptic cell releases acetylcholine
Signal arrives at the neuromuscular junction
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Afferent neurons carry impulse to the central nervous system
Signal reaches the reflex arc in the central nervous system and is directed out through the anterior horn
Signal travels through the motor units
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Which of the following statements is true regarding muscle contraction?
When a muuscle contracts, the sarcomere remains the same size.
When a muscle contracts, the H-zone becomes narrower (shortens).
When a muscle contracts, the lighter I-band becomes wider.
When a muscle contracts, the A-band shortens.
Which type of muscle fiber arrangement is most appropriate for the shoulder muscle that leads to larger forces and more movement, but with a disadvantage of less efficient use of muscles?
Parallel or fusiform
Unipinate
Bipinnate
Multipinnate
Chapter 11 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 11 - Which of the following is unique to the muscles of...Ch. 11 - Which of the following helps an agonist work? a...Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements is correct about...Ch. 11 - Which is moved the least during muscle...Ch. 11 - Which muscle has a convergent pattern of...Ch. 11 - A muscle that has a pattern of fascicles running...Ch. 11 - Which arrangement best describes a bipennate...Ch. 11 - The location of a muscles insertion and origin can...Ch. 11 - Where is the temporalis muscle located? on the...Ch. 11 - Which muscle name does not make sense? extensor...
Ch. 11 - Which of the following terms would be used in the...Ch. 11 - Which of the following is a prime mover in head...Ch. 11 - Where is the inferior oblique muscle located? in...Ch. 11 - What is the action of the masseter? swallowing...Ch. 11 - The names of the extrinsic tongue muscles commonly...Ch. 11 - What is the function of the erector spinae?...Ch. 11 - Which of the following abdominal muscles is not a...Ch. 11 - Which muscle pair plays a role in respiration?...Ch. 11 - What is the linea alba? a small muscle that helps...Ch. 11 - The rhomboid major and minor muscles are deep to...Ch. 11 - Which muscle extends the forearm? biceps brachii...Ch. 11 - What is the origin of the wrist flexors? the...Ch. 11 - Which muscles stabilize the pectoral girdle? axial...Ch. 11 - The large muscle group that attaches the leg to...Ch. 11 - Which muscle produces movement that allows you to...Ch. 11 - What is the largest muscle in the lower leg?...Ch. 11 - The vastus intermedius muscle is deep to which of...Ch. 11 - What effect does fascicle arrangement have on a...Ch. 11 - Movements of the body occur at joints. Describe...Ch. 11 - Explain how a synergist assists an agonist by...Ch. 11 - Describe the different criteria that contribute to...Ch. 11 - Explain the difference between axial and...Ch. 11 - Describe the muscles of the anterior neck.Ch. 11 - Why are the muscles of the face different from...Ch. 11 - Describe the fascicle arrangement in the muscles...Ch. 11 - What are some similarities and differences between...Ch. 11 - The tendons of which muscles form the rotator...Ch. 11 - List the general muscle groups of the shoulders...Ch. 11 - Which muscles form the hamstrings? How do they...Ch. 11 - Which muscles form the quadriceps? How do they...
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- Skeletal muscle contraction requires _________. a. calcium ions b. ATP c. arrival of a nerve impulse d. all of the abovearrow_forwardYou are training athletes for the 100-meter dash. They need muscles specialized for speed and strength, not endurance. What muscle characteristics would your training regimen aim to develop? How would you alter it to train a long-distance swimmer?arrow_forwardThe _____ is the basic unit of muscle contraction. a. myofibril b. sarcomere c. muscle fiber d. myosin filamentarrow_forward
- Skeletal muscle will be released in its contracted (rigor) state when: Group of answer choices ATP is hydrolyzed into forming ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP binds to the myosin head. ADP is dissociated from the myosin head. ATP binds to the actin G-molecule.arrow_forwardCharacteristics of smooth muscles fibers are: spindle shaped, unbranched, unstriated, uninucleate and involuntary spindle shaped, unbranched, multistriated, uninucleate and involuntary cylinderical, unbranched, unstriated, uninucleate and involuntary Cylindrical, unbranched, striated, multinucleate and involuntary Fat cells are characterized by: affected by starvation present in adults they are heat insulator they have signet ring appearance abundant mitochondriaarrow_forwardThe mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in that the site of calcium binding differs ATP energizes the sliding process actin and myosin interact by the sliding filament mechanism the trigger for contraction is a rise in intracellular calcium the thick filaments have fewer myosin headsarrow_forward
- What best explains the inability to fully contract a muscle when the muscle is first shortened prior to contraction? Sub-threshold stimulus to the muscle Rigor mortis limits contraction synaptic fatigue has taken place Loss of motor units The filaments cannot side as fararrow_forwardIn the process of muscle contraction, which of the following steps requires hydrolysis of ATP to complete? movement of myosin head, pulling the thin filament binding of myosin head to active site on actin resetting of the myosin head back to its ready position letting go of myosin head from the active site on actin sliding of tropomyosin causing exposure of actinarrow_forwardSmooth muscle is present in all of the following places except: O lining the uterus. O lining many blood vessels O lining the urinary bladder circling the GI tract attached to the skeletonarrow_forward
- In an isometric contraction, how can the muscle stay the same length when the muscle is contracting? Can choose more than one - The muscle is not able to generate more (or the same amount) force than the load, preventing shortening of the muscle. - Calcium stops entering the sarcoplasm when the desired length is reached. - Elastic elements of the muscle stretch in response to the contraction of the muscle, so that the muscle stays the same size despite shortening sarcomeres. - The myosin heads detach from actin when they reach the desired length.arrow_forwardIn a resting (non-contracting) muscle, what is the position of myosin? It is attached to the tropomyosin. It is in the high-energy, cocked position. It is attached to the actin. It is in the low-energy, bent position.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are aspects of the structure of skeletal muscle? Select all that apply. The muscle fibers are parallel to one another and have a striated appearance. They have more mitochondria than other types of muscle cells. Each fiber contains many units of contraction and protein filaments. Cells are branched or unbranched with single nuclei. It consists of cylindrical cells called muscle fibers that have multiple nuclei.arrow_forward
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