Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134089089
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 11, Problem 41POS
To determine
Ways in which scientist will be able to decide validity of Rare Earth Hypothesis.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Why are we unlikely to find Earth-like planets around halo stars in the Galaxy?
A. Halo stars formed in a different way from disk stars.
B. Planets around stars are known to be extremely rare.
C. Halo stars formed in an environment where there were few heavy elements to create rocky planets.
D. Halo stars do not have enough mass to hold onto planets.
Is the answer C? Since halo stars are formed early when the galaxy consisted of mainly hydrogen and helium, there are no heavier elements available to create Earth-like planets so just halo stars are formed?
Thanks!
Another explanation for the Universe is the Steady State Hypothesis. The Steady State Hypothesis says that the Universe has always existed and is infinite in extent. Which of the following supports the Big Bang Theory and which supports the Steady State Model.
(Select B-Big Bang Theory, S-Steady State Model, If the first is B and the rest S, enter BSSSSS).
A) An observation that some globular clusters show M-type stars that have evolved off the main sequence.
B) The measurement of redshifts that show galaxies appear to be moving away from each other and the Universe is expanding.
C) A measurement that shows the density of the Universe is close to the critical density.
D) The measurement of the microwave background radiation.
E) Observing that galaxies at very large distances look identical to those in the nearby universe.
According to modern science, Earth is about 4.5 billion years old and written human history extends back about 10,000 years. Suppose the entire history of Earth is
represented with a 100-meter-long timeline, with the birth of Earth on one end and today at the other end.
a. What distance represents 1 billion years?
b. How far from the end of the timeline does written human history begin?
a. 1 billion years is represented by meters of the timeline.
(Type an integer or decimal rounded to the nearest tenth as needed.)
millimeters from the end of the timeline.
b. Written human history begins about
(Type an integer or decimal rounded to the nearest hundredth as needed.)
Chapter 11 Solutions
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - How do habitable zones differ among stars of...Ch. 11 - Briefly describe the conditions under which...Ch. 11 - Why are extrasolar planets hard to detect...Ch. 11 - Briefly describe the astrometric, Doppler, and...Ch. 11 - Briefly summarize the planetary properties we can...Ch. 11 - Why does the Doppler method generally allow us to...Ch. 11 - How does the transit method tell us planetary...
Ch. 11 - How do the orbits of known extrasolar planets...Ch. 11 - Summarize the key features shown in Figure 11.20,...Ch. 11 - According to current statistics, how common arc...Ch. 11 - What types of worlds seem most likely to support...Ch. 11 - How might a stars habitable zone be wider than we...Ch. 11 - How might future imagery and spectroscopy allow us...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17RQCh. 11 - Prob. 18RQCh. 11 - What is the HertzsprungRussell diagram? How does a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 20RQCh. 11 - Date: February 16, 2025. Headline: Astronomers...Ch. 11 - Prob. 22TYUCh. 11 - Date: June 19, 2028. Headline: Spectrum Reveals...Ch. 11 - Date: November 7, 2020. Headline: New Images Show...Ch. 11 - Date: November 7, 2050. Headline: New Images Show...Ch. 11 - Date: July 20, 2020. Headline: Giant Planet Found...Ch. 11 - Date: September 15, 2045. Headline: Sun-Like Star...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28TYUCh. 11 - Date: December 13, 2033. Headline: Orphan Planet...Ch. 11 - Prob. 30TYUCh. 11 - Prob. 31TYUCh. 11 - Prob. 32TYUCh. 11 - Which method could detect a planet in an orbit...Ch. 11 - To determine a planets average density, we can use...Ch. 11 - Based on the model types shown in Figure 11.20, a...Ch. 11 - According to current statistics, about what...Ch. 11 - The term super-Earth means a planet that is (a)...Ch. 11 - Our best hope for determining that life exists on...Ch. 11 - Jupiter has had an important effect on life on...Ch. 11 - Prob. 40TYUCh. 11 - Prob. 41POSCh. 11 - Unanswered Questions. As discussed in this...Ch. 11 - Explaining the Doppler Method. Explain how the...Ch. 11 - Explaining the Transit Method. Explain how the...Ch. 11 - Comparing Methods. What are the strengths and...Ch. 11 - Super-Earth. Youve discovered a super-Earth...Ch. 11 - Stars with Habitable Planets. Based on what youve...Ch. 11 - Are Earth-Like Planets Common? Based on what you...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50IFCh. 11 - Science Fiction Planet. Choose one fictional...Ch. 11 - Number of Stars with Habitable Planets. Assume...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54IFCh. 11 - Finding Orbit Sizes. The Doppler method allows us...Ch. 11 - Finding a Planetary Mass. Using the Doppler...Ch. 11 - Transit of TrES-1. The planet TrES-1, orbiting a...Ch. 11 - The Doppler Formula. The amount of Doppler shift...Ch. 11 - Prob. 59IFCh. 11 - Future Mission. Imagine that a wealthy benefactor...Ch. 11 - Is It Worth It? Thanks to rapidly advancing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 62IFCh. 11 - Extrasolar Planet Mission. Learn about a proposed...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- After completing this Lecture Tutorial, students should be able to: distinguish between scientific hypotheses and nonscientific ideas. Part 1: Comprehension of Hypotheses A scientific hypothesis needs to (1) be supported by the majority of current data and (2) be testable. An alien on Earth is wondering why a rubber ball falls back down to the ground after it is thrown into the air. It comes up with several ideas about the ball. a. Gravity is pulling the ball to the ground. b. A mystical force that cannot be measured is pushing the ball down. c. Earth's magnetic field is pulling on the rubber ball. 1. Which statement is NOT a hypothesis because it is not testable? a b c 2. Which statement is NOT a hypothesis because it is not supported by current data? a b c 3. Which statement IS a scientific hypothesis? a b c Part 2: Application to Dinosaur Extinction Below are possible scenarios explaining the extinction of the dinosaurs. a. Dinosaurs were killed off by a virus. b. A large meteorite…arrow_forwardUsing the GUFSA Template. Round off your final answer to the nearest hundredths. As we already know, rockets travel at very high speeds. How much time will it take a rocket (in seconds) to reach the moon if the moon is 238,900 miles away from the Earth, and the rocket is travelling 1,800,000 centimeters per minute? (express your answer in meters per second)arrow_forwardIn a globular cluster, astronomers (someday) discover a star with the same mass as our Sun, but consisting entirely of hydrogen and helium. Is this star a good place to point our SETI antennas and search for radio signals from an advanced civilization? Group of answer choices No, because such a star (and any planets around it) would not have the heavier elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) that we believe are necessary to start life as we know it. Yes, because globular clusters are among the closest star clusters to us, so that they would be easy to search for radio signals. Yes, because we have already found radio signals from another civilization living near a star in a globular cluster. No, because such a star would most likely not have a stable (main-sequence) stage that is long enough for a technological civilization to develop. Yes, because such a star is probably old and a technological civilization will have had a long time to evolve and develop there.arrow_forward
- For which of the following reasons (select all that apply), is it useful/important to send rovers to other planetary bodies in our solar system? O a. The engineering innovations developed to produce successful/viable rovers and landers on other planets can help lead to developments in the technology used here on Earth that may have taken far more time to develop without the limitations provided by space travel to foreign worlds. O b. The data collected can help improve our understanding of the evolution/development of our solar system. O. Rovers/landers can be outfitted with various tools and equipment that can be used to inform of us of the geological histories of each of the planets they visit. O d. More direct probes of the planetary surface are possible to detect signs of the building blocks of life. O e. Rock samples can be used to calibrate our estimations of the age of the solar system.arrow_forwardPlease answer the question and its subquestions entirely! This is one question with two subquestions. According to the official Bartleby guidelines, I am alowed to have up to two subquestion! 1) Astronauts orbiting the earth in the space shuttle experience a force of gravity that is several times greater than the Fgrav experienced on Earth's surface. several times smaller than the Fgrav experienced on Earth's surface. a fraction greater than the Fgrav experienced on Earth's surface. a fraction smaller than the Fgrav experienced on Earth's surface . ... nonsense! Orbiting astronauts do not experience any gravitational pull from the earth. a) A space shuttle is in orbit about the earth at an altitude where the acceleration due to gravity is 8.70 m/s 2. What is the shuttle's speed at this altitude? 2.65 × 10 3 m/s 7.45 × 10 3 m/s 7.68 × 10 3 m/s 7.91 × 10 3 m/s b) A 9 × 10 3 kg satellite with an…arrow_forwardQuestion 7 What type of mission collects information about multiple planets? Sample returns. Rovers. Flybys. Atmospheric probes. Question 8 Why are neutrinos so difficult to detect? There are very few of them, so collecting enough to study takes a long time. They are theoretical and may not exist. They move so fast they pass right through the telescope. They don't interact strongly with matter, so they will not cause a reaction on a CCD imager.arrow_forward
- What is a biomarker? Give some possible examples of biomarkers we might look for beyond the solar system.arrow_forwardH5. A star with mass 1.05 M has a luminosity of 4.49 × 1026 W and effective temperature of 5700 K. It dims to 4.42 × 1026 W every 1.39 Earth days due to a transiting exoplanet. The duration of the transit reveals that the exoplanet orbits at a distance of 0.0617 AU. Based on this information, calculate the radius of the planet (expressed in Jupiter radii) and the minimum inclination of its orbit to our line of sight. Follow up observations of the star in part reveal that a spectral feature with a rest wavelength of 656 nm is redshifted by 1.41×10−3 nm with the same period as the observed transit. Assuming a circular orbit what can be inferred about the planet’s mass (expressed in Jupiter masses)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is least reasonable regarding the "water hole"? Group of answer choices It consists of frequencies which are greater than the frequencies of atmospheric emissions. It relates to the natural frequencies of vibration of hydroxyl (OH) and hydrogen (H), respectively. It occurs in that part of the electromagnetic spectrum where the galactic "noise" from stars and interstellar clouds is minimized. It is considered the "electromagnetic oasis" for interstellar communication. It corresponds to wavelengths in the 18-21 cm range.arrow_forward
- Define the term power law, in terms of mathematics and physics. Then give at least three examples of power laws that exist in physics. Additionally, define the terms scale invariance and universality. Give at least two examples of universality in physics.arrow_forwardIn Table 2, there is a list of 15 planets, some of which are real objects discovered by the Kepler space telescope, and some are hypothetical planets. For each one, you are provided the temperature of the star that each planet orbits in degrees Kelvin (K), the distance that each planet orbits from their star in astronomical units (AUs) and the size or radius of each planet in Earth radii (RE). Since we are concerned with finding Earth-like planets, we will assume that the composition of these planets are similar to Earth's, so we will not directly look at their masses, rather their sizes (radii) along with the other characteristics. Determine which of these 15 planets meets our criteria of a planet that could possibly support Earth-like life. Use the Habitable Planet Classification Flow Chart (below) to complete Table 2. Whenever the individual value you are looking at falls within the range of values specified on the flow chart, mark the cell to the right of the value with a Y for…arrow_forwardPlease answer the question and subquestions completely! This is one whole question which has subquestions! According to the official Bartleby guidelines, each question can have up to two subquestions! Thank you! 1) Use Kepler's Law to find the time (in Earth’s years) for Mars to orbit the Sun if the radius of Mars’ orbit is 1.5 times the radius of Earth's orbit. 1.8 2.8 3.4 4.2 A) The mass of Mars is about 1/10 the mass of Earth. Its diameter is about 1/2 the diameter of Earth. What is the gravitational acceleration at the surface of Mars? 9.8 m/s2 2.0 m/s2 3.9 m/s2 4.9 m/s2 none of these B) A 9.0 x 10 3 kg satellite orbits the Earth at the distance of 2.56 x 10 7 m from Earth’s surface. What is its period? 1.1 x 10 4 s 4.1 x 10 4 s 5.7 x 10 4 s 1.5 x 10 5 sarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399944Author:Michael A. SeedsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399920Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9781938168284Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. WolffPublisher:OpenStax
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399944
Author:Michael A. Seeds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399920
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9781938168284
Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher:OpenStax