Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134555430
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 2AAATB
DNA is not the only molecule that is used to test for evolutionary relationships among organisms. Proteins can also be used, and the sequences of their building blocks (called amino acids) can be compared in much the same way that DNA sequences are compared. Cytochrome c is a protein found in nearly all living organisms; it functions in the transformation of energy within cells. The percentage difference in amino acid sequence between humans and other organisms can be summarized as follows:
Draw the evolutionary tree implied by these data that illustrates the relationship between humans and the other organisms listed.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which statement about genome evolution is false?
Mutations at the ends of introns are less likely than in the middle of an intron.
Synonymous mutations rates are much higher than nonsynonymous mutation rates.
Psuedogenes show high rates of mutations.
Comparison of the mutational change in a specific gene can be used as a molecular clock to date evolutionary events between species.
Evolution in a gene sequence will occur the fastest in regions that have the greatest effect on function.
The table below shows short DNA sequences from a gene in a closely related group of dragons, as well as their close relative, the Winged Ground Lizard. Assume each change in the DNA sequence evolved only once. Draw a phylogenetic tree that represents the relationship among the dragon species, as well as the Winged Ground Lizard. Indicate the locations on the tree where there is a change in the DNA sequence and indicate the site position and what the change is
Which of the following species would be expected to form a hybrid double-stranded DNA molecule, at the highest temperatures, when their DNA is mixed with the DNA of humans?
the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
the agile gibbon (Hylobates agilis)
the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
the olive baboon (Papio anubis)
the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
The evolution of the tetraploid South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis from the diploid tropical toad Xenopus tropicalis (in a single generation) is most likely:
the result of a single chromosomal duplication
the result of a single chromosomal deletion
the result of a single gene duplication
the result of a complete genome deletion
the result of a complete genome duplication
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
Ch. 11 - What observations did Darwin make on the Galapagos...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2LTBCh. 11 - Prob. 3LTBCh. 11 - In science, a theory is a(n) ___________. educated...Ch. 11 - The theory of common descent states that all modem...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6LTBCh. 11 - Prob. 7LTBCh. 11 - Even though marsupial mammals give birth to live...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9LTBCh. 11 - Which of the following taxonomic levels contains...
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1AAATBCh. 11 - DNA is not the only molecule that is used to test...Ch. 11 - Look at the tree you generated for question 2. It...Ch. 11 - Search for the biology learning standards...Ch. 11 - Humans and chimpanzees are more similar to each...Ch. 11 - The science that you learned in this chapter has...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Jellyfish Lake, located on the Pacific island of Palau, is home to millions of jellyfish. Many years ago, sea l...
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Why do scientists think that all forms of life on earth have a common origin?
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
What were the major microbiological interests of Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky? It can be said tha...
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
The pedigrees indicated here were obtained with three unrelated families whose members express the same disease...
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A cladogram shows the evolutionary relationship between humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. The cladogram currently shows humans and chimpanzees with a more recent common ancestor compared to gorillas. Which piece of evidence, if true, would most likely weaken this hypothesis? Amino acid analysis of the cytochrome shows significant differences in the sequence of amino acids between humans and goriffas. DNA sequence analysis of the hemoglobin alpha gene shows that humans and chimpanzees have a more similar sequence to each other than they do to the gorilla's DNA sequence. The cells of the eye in embryos of gorillas and humans follow a similar pattern of development chimpanzee embryos are different Fossils of humans appear in deeper sedimentary rock layers compared to fossils of chimpanzees.arrow_forwardTransfer RNA (after becoming “charged” with an amino acid) contains which of the following covalent bonds that are absent in all other forms of RNA? the glycosidic bond the phosphodiester bond the hydrogen bond the aminoacyl bond the peptide bond The green sea slug carries the genes for synthesizing chlorophyll (apparently acquired from the chloroplasts of green algae), illustrating which type of genetic change leading to evolution? horizontal gene transfer gene deletion gene duplication mutation exon shufflingarrow_forwardBased on their anatomical and behavioral differences, biologists previously placed humans and chimpanzees in different families, but now DNA sequence data suggest that they are closely related and should be placed in the same family. What are some advantages of using DNA sequences to decide how to classify organisms? What might be some disadvantages?arrow_forward
- Scientists conducted research to examine the evolutionary relationship between 10 bird species and an alligator species. They isolated the amounts of the dinucleotides cytosine and guanine found in the genomic DNA of each species. The graph shows the traditional taxonomic groups of the bird species used and the average percentage of dinucleotides in their DNA. Which of the following statements is best supported by the DNA evidence? A - Gamebirds likely evolved after non-perching birds. B - A bird’s ability to fly may be linked to its dinucleotide percentage. C - The dinucleotide percentages demonstrate coevolution of all species. D - Non-perching birds are more similar genetically to alligators than flightless birds.arrow_forwardDNA-DNA hybridization studies in the 1960s demonstrated that common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus), are most closely related to which of the following non-chimpanzee primate species (sharing about 98% of protein-coding nucleotides)? the agile gibbon (Hylobates agilis) the human (Homo sapiens) the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) the olive baboon (Papio anubis) 7. Which of the following mobile genetic elements is a retrotransposon, making up about 10% of the human genome, but no longer codes for a functional gene product (and is therefore a “pseudogene”)? the LINE-1 element (repeated up to 50,000 times in the human genome) the DNA-only transposons known as “jumping genes” (in corn) the avocado sunblotch viroid the typical transposon found in a bacterial chromosome the Alu sequence (repeated up to 1,000,000 times in the human genome) . Which of the following self-replicating biological agents carries only one…arrow_forwardSpirochaetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements accurately describes the DNA of both groups? * The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome. Nematode DNA is circular. Spirochaete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes also include specialized proteins. O Spirochaete DNA is linear.arrow_forward
- The most important feature that enables a gene to act as a molecular clock is Group of answer choices: a recent origin by a gene duplication event a large number of base pairs in the genome being acted upon by natural selection a reliable average rate of mutationarrow_forwardThe Selfish Gene is a radical theory that argues that all living creatures are essentially vehicles for their genes- hence, we all are a “survival machine" for our genes. In the light of what you have learned about the molecular structure and function of the gene, is this perspective still relevant? Cite specific biological phenomena to prove your point.arrow_forwardWhich statement about molecular clocks is false? They must be calibrated with independent sources of data. They can be developed using amino acid sequence data. They are used to estimate the timing of past evolutionary events. They can be used for recent dates as well as for ancient dates. They display the same rate of change for all DNA molecules.arrow_forward
- The universal phylogenetic tree of life shows the divergence of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Studies of Lokiarchaeota help to elucidate these relationships, but the first universal tree of life was constructed by Carl Woese using ribosomal RNA sequences. There are advantages to using different types of nucleic acid for different types of analyses. What is a specific advantage of using small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis compared with DNA sequences? ▸ View Available Hint(s) SSU rRNA sequences accumulate mutations more rapidly than protein-encoding DNA. SSU rRNA is frequently transferred through horizontal gene transfer, whereas DNA sequences are not. Primers are required in DNA sequence analysis, but not for SSU rRNA sequence analysis. Although PCR products can be visualized with SSU rRNA, this is not the case with other forms of nucleic acids. DNA sequences are too highly conserved to work well for sequence analysis; individual species are…arrow_forwardWould a protein encoded on the core genome or one encoded only on the pan-genome be best to use in constructing a phylogenetic tree? Explain your answerarrow_forwardBriefly discuss the differences in how a selectionist (one that believes that Natural Selection is a strong evolutionary force) and a neutralist (one that believes that genetic drift is a strong evolutionary force) views the following: molecular clock, evolution of coding sequences, evolution of "pseudogenes".arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRWXEMlI0_U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
The Evolution of Humans | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf_dDp7drFg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY