Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 11, Problem 21QAP
To determine
The way how hydrostatic equilibrium and energy balance provides stability to Sun.
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What types of changes effect the Sun's energy output?
Cycle 24 Sunspot Number (V2.0) Prediction (2016 10)
300
200
100
Cycle
Cycle
Cycle
22
23
24
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Hathaway NASA/ARC
O A. 11 year solar sunspot cycles change the amount of radiation given off by the Sun.
O B. As the Sun rotates more energy is scattered to space and less is retained on the surface.
O C. Cycles of solar flares and prominences heat and cool the layers below the Sun's surface.
O D. Solar energy is affected by the core output of photons.
The sun has a radius of 6.959 × 108 m and a surface temperature of 5.81 x 10° K.
When the sun radiates at a rate of 3.91 x 1026 W and is a perfect emitter. What is
the rate of energy emitted per square meter? Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.67 x
10-8 J/s-m2 K4
a)
5.6 x 107 W/m2
b) 12.8 x 107 W/m2
c)
6.4 x 107 W/m2
25.6 x 107 W/m2
5.6 x 1017 W/m2
Which property of the Earth's atmosphere causes the greenhouse effect?
The Earth's atmosphere allows radio waves to pass through, but it absorbs some
ultraviolet radiation.
The Earth's atmosphere allows radio waves to pass through, but it absorbs some
infrared radiation.
The Earth's atmosphere allows visible light to pass through, but it absorbs some
infrared radiation.
The Earth's atmosphere allows visible light to pass through, but it absorbs some
ultraviolet radiation.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 11.1CYUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.2CYUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.3CYUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.4CYUCh. 11 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 6QAP
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- Step-by-step, explain how energy flows from the center of the Sun to Earth.arrow_forward(a) Calculate the power per square meter reaching Earth's upper atmosphere from the Sun. (Take the power output of the Sun to be 4.001026 W.) (b) Part of this is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere, so that a maximum of 1.30 kW/m2 reaches Earth's surface. Calculate the area in km 2 of solar energy collectors needed to replace an electric power plant that generates 750 MW if the collectors convert an average of 2.00% of the maximum power into electricity. (This small conversion efficiency is due to the devices themselves, and the fact that the sun is directly overhead only briefly.) With the same assumptions, what area would be needed to meet the United States' energy needs (1.051020J) ? Australia's energy needs (5.41018J) ? China's energy needs (6.31019J) ? (These energy consumption values are from 2006.)arrow_forwardWhy are measurements of the Sun's 10.7 cm radio emission used to monitor the state of the solar cycle? Choose all correct answers. A. It provides a repeatable, objective measurement of solar activity B. It serves as a good proxy for EUV emissions C. It is measured from space, so it is not affected by clouds D. It can be used to predict the occurrence of coronal mass ejectionsarrow_forward
- Give proper explanation The surface temperature of the Sun is about 5750 K. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?arrow_forwardWhat fuels the Sun’s enormous energy output? Explain.arrow_forwardJason is investigating how energy from the Sun drives convection in the atmosphere. He wants to draw a diagram showing what happens to air when it is heated by the Sun during the process of convection. Which diagram should he draw? A He should draw a diagram that shows cool air in Earth's atmosphere rising. B He should draw a diagram that shows cool air near Earth's surface rising. C He should draw a diagram that shows warm air in Earth's atmosphere sinking. D He should draw a diagram that shows warm air near Earth's surface rising.arrow_forward
- For several hundred years, astronomers have kept track of the number of solar flares, or sunspots which occur on the surface of the sun. The number of sunspots counted varies periodically from a minimum of about 10 per year to a maximum of about 110 per year. Between the maximum that occurred in the years 1750 and 1948, there were 18 completed cycles. A.) What is the period of the sunspot cycle? B.) Assume that the number of sunspots varies sinusoidally with the year. Sketch a graph of two sun spot cycles, starting in 1948. C.) Write an equation expressing the number of sunspots per year in terms of the year. D.) what is the first year after 2000 in which the number of sunspots will be about 35? A maximum?arrow_forwardDescribe the two main ways that energy travels through the Sun.arrow_forwardDescribe in your own words what is meant by the statement that the Sun is in hydrostatic equilibrium.arrow_forward
- The Sun has a radius of about 700,000 km and a surface temperature of 5800 K. Assuming it is a perfect blackbody (an emissivity of 1), what is the rate of energy radiated (in W) from the surface of the Sun? (Hint: the surface area of a sphere is 4πR2; enter your answer in scientific notation, 1.23E12 means 1.23 * 1012).arrow_forwardPlease Explain What is Irreversible Isothermal Expansion?arrow_forwardOn the International Space Station, sensors have identified an interstellar gas cloud approaching the station. It seems to have temperatures in the millions of degrees K. The gas cloud has a very low density. Are you concerned about the heat from this cloud? Is it time to abandon the station? Discuss your answer, focusing on the difference between temperature and heat. Please type answer no write by hend.arrow_forward
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