Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780133917789
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Textbook Question
Book Icon
Chapter 11, Problem 1SQ

Your bore cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look different because

  1. a. different kinds of genes are present in each kind of cell.
  2. b. they are present in different organs.
  3. c. different genes are active in each kind of cell.
  4. d. different mutations have occurred in each kind of cell.
Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Almost all the cells in an organism are genetically identical. However, different cells are specialized to perform different roles through the differential gene expression process. Gene expression is regulated by turning on and off gene. Gene regulation is largely controlled by the binding of regulatory proteins to specific sites on DNA.

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer:

Eukaryotic and multicellular organisms regulate gene expression to maintain different cell types during embryonic development. Therefore, option c. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

The gene regulation process facilitates the production of a specific set of protein. This process results in a different type of cells, such as skin cells, muscle cells, and bone cells.

Option c. is given as “different genes are active in each kind of cell”.

In eukaryotic organisms, each cell maintains differential gene expression. As the differential gene expression provides the cells with the expression of different proteins responsible for specific characters, different cell types (muscle, bone, and skin cells) look different.

Hence, option c. is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “different kinds of genes are present in each kind of cell”.

All the cells present in an organism contain identical genetic composition. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option b. is given as “they are present in different organ”.

Different cells enable different functions by organs through the expression of different genes. Organs are not responsible for cell diversity in the body. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option d. is given as “different mutations have occurred in each kind of cells”.

Mutation is responsible for altering the function of a gene present in the cell. However, it cannot be associated with the diversity of cells present in the organism’s whole body. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options a., b., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The bone cell, muscle cells, and skin cells look different due to the regulation of gene expression. Thereby, different kinds of proteins with different structures and functions are produced by each cell type.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
02:38
Students have asked these similar questions
You are working in a lab that studies stickleback fish. These fish normally have three spines that occur on the back of the stickleback. One day you notice that a young stickleback has no spines on its back but instead has three spines growing out of the top of its head! (answer both questions) question 1: A mutation in what type of gene is probably the cause of this unusual situation? Why? question #2: would you expect the proteins that make the spines to be different in the mutant fish compared to a wildtype fish. Why or why not?
When using gene therapy to treat an hereditary disease, the idea is to: A. Introduce the correct gene into the patient's DNA B. Inject the patient with a specific protein to cure the disease. C. Blood transfusions from healthy individuals. D. ntroduce mRNA molecules with the correct genetic information to the patient. E. Introduce a virus to the patient that will specifically destroy mutated cells.
A friend of yours who works at a biotechnology start up company has computationally designed three new proteins that she thinks might be able to prevent and possibly reverse cancers if they could be expressed/transported in the right location in human cells.  If this works, the company will be worth billions and everyone who works there will be rich.  Not to mention curing cancer… The plan is to use a genetically modified, harmless virus to deliver the DNA genes for these three proteins.  This should result in the transcription of mRNA and translation of the three proteins.  The trick is getting the proteins to go to the right places in the cells so they can interact with the right cellular pathways. The first protein is a transcription factor that binds to DNA and should shut down transcription of cancer promoting genes by binding to their promoters.  The second is a protein that interacts with electron transport chain proteins to reduce the output of reactive free radicals in…

Additional Science Textbook Solutions

Find more solutions based on key concepts
Define histology.

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)

Why is petroleum jelly used in the hanging-drop procedure?

Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)

Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Biology
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
What is cancer? What causes cancer and how is it treated? *UPDATE*; Author: Cancer Treatment Centers of America - CTCA;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_N1Sk3aiSCE;License: Standard Youtube License