Concept explainers
Your bore cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look different because
- a. different kinds of genes are present in each kind of cell.
- b. they are present in different organs.
- c. different genes are active in each kind of cell.
- d. different mutations have occurred in each kind of cell.
Introduction:
Almost all the cells in an organism are genetically identical. However, different cells are specialized to perform different roles through the differential gene expression process. Gene expression is regulated by turning on and off gene. Gene regulation is largely controlled by the binding of regulatory proteins to specific sites on DNA.
Answer to Problem 1SQ
Correct answer:
Eukaryotic and multicellular organisms regulate gene expression to maintain different cell types during embryonic development. Therefore, option c. is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct statement:
The gene regulation process facilitates the production of a specific set of protein. This process results in a different type of cells, such as skin cells, muscle cells, and bone cells.
Option c. is given as “different genes are active in each kind of cell”.
In eukaryotic organisms, each cell maintains differential gene expression. As the differential gene expression provides the cells with the expression of different proteins responsible for specific characters, different cell types (muscle, bone, and skin cells) look different.
Hence, option c. is correct.
Reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option a. is given as “different kinds of genes are present in each kind of cell”.
All the cells present in an organism contain identical genetic composition. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option b. is given as “they are present in different organ”.
Different cells enable different functions by organs through the expression of different genes. Organs are not responsible for cell diversity in the body. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option d. is given as “different mutations have occurred in each kind of cells”.
Mutation is responsible for altering the function of a gene present in the cell. However, it cannot be associated with the diversity of cells present in the organism’s whole body. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options a., b., and d. are incorrect.
The bone cell, muscle cells, and skin cells look different due to the regulation of gene expression. Thereby, different kinds of proteins with different structures and functions are produced by each cell type.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
- A.) DNA encodes for the cell genome and is therefore a permanent copy to have a functioning cell. B.)Different changes to the structure of messenger RNA can cause mutations and genomic instability which could lead to abnormal cells in the body. a. Statement A is correct b. Statement B is correct c. Both A and B are correct d. Both A and B are incorrectarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the differential expression of human genes is correct? A. Differential expression does not occur during embryogenesis (development of the embryo). B. The unused genes in differentiated cells no longer retain the potential to be expressed. C. Gene expression patterns of all cells are identical. D. Every cell nucleus contains the complete genome established in the fertilized egg.arrow_forwardAlthough it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. So why do we still use X-rays in medicine anyway? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forward
- With regard to human cancer cells, which of the following statements is true? A. Cancer cells within one tumor usually do not share common mutations B. Cancer cells generally have lost the ability to divide C. Oncogenes are non-human genes not related to normal genes in the human genome D. Mutations in DNA repair genes result in an increased chance of getting cancer.arrow_forwardSeveral large studies have shown that daily doses of aspirin protect against colon cancer. This type of study reinforces the link between ________________ and ____________ . (A) mutations, polyps (C) aspirin, stomach upset(B) cancer, diet (D) cancer, chronic inflammation immune check point inhibitors are ____________ which ______________. (A) chemicals, activate T cells (C) antibodies, activate T cells (B) chemo drugs, kill tumor cells directly (D) enzymes, break up tumors Increased colonoscopies has led to earlier detection of colon cancer. However, recent studies have shown that less expensive, lower-tech options like ___________ offer nearly the same screening benefit. (A) flexible sigmoidoscopy (C) CT scans(B) fecal occult stool testing (D) fecal DNA testing PSA testing and mammography have led to undertreatment. (A) True (B) Unclear (C) False The chromosomal location of the APC gene was originally identified by finding a region of the genome that was _________ in patients with…arrow_forwardA molecular biologist mutated a gene that encodes an enzyme (protein) that normally is secreted from the cell. The mutation resulted in the enzyme still being made, but it is now located in the cytoplasm. What do you think the molecular biologist changed in the cell coding this enzyme? a. The active site. b. The signal recognition particle (SRP). c. The signal sequence. d. The signal recognition particle receptor.arrow_forward
- Homeotic (Hox genes in vertebrates) code for expression of that regulate the OD) Transcription factors, genes that determine segment identity and structure OC) Poly-A tails, that code for proteins that control muscle differentiation OE) Transcription factors, genes that control muscle differentiation OA) Operators, inducible genes coding for enzymes in metabolic pathwaysarrow_forwardGene expression is a term that relates to Select one: A. DNA replication. B. the flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins. C. how genes are passed from parent to offspring. D. the unique set of genes in an individual.arrow_forwardResearchers sought to grow blood vessels in a lab for implantation into patients with clogged coronary arteries. To avoid immune rejection, they wanted to grow vessels by starting with patients own vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, most patients requiring coronary artery replacement are elderly, and their vascular SMCs do not divide often enough to grow a new vessel. To get around this problem, the researchers introduced into the cells the gene coding for a particular protein in a format through which the gene would be transcribed and the protein produced. What gene was introduced into the elderly patients' SMCs to allow continued cell divisions? O primase O telomerase ODNA polymerase O telomere capping protein O topoisomerase Aarrow_forward
- The process of gene expression involves:arrow_forwardIn general, all mutations can be considered harmful, because most genetic systems are already optimized to work correctly and efficiently. A. True b. False; mutations are considered harmful only if they have a direct effect on the ability of cells to synthesize DNA c. False; some mutations are harmful, and some are considered beneficialarrow_forwardInsect wings are coded for by the same gene that creates... A. internal air branches (trachea) B. Their cuticle C. their antennae D. parts of crustacean appendages, like legsarrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning