Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 10P
To determine
The energy of an SUV travelling at
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(a) Based on the observations, determine the total mass M of the planet.
(b) Which moon and planet of our solar system is the team observing? (Use literature.)
This is a challenging problem. Solve it on paper, writing out each step carefully. When doing calculations, do not round intermediate values.
Note: If you have approached the problem in a principled way, do not abandon your approach if your numerical answer is not accepted; check
your calculations!
This problem is closely related to the spectacular impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy with Jupiter in July 1994. (More information
about the event can be found here.)
A rock far outside a solar system similar to ours is initially moving very slowly relative to its sun, in the plane of the orbit of a large
planet (about the size of Jupiter) around its sun. The rock falls toward the sun, but on its way to the sun it collides with the planet. The
mass of the planet is 4 x 1027 kg, the mass of its sun is 3.2 x 1030 kg, the radius of the planet is 1.4 x 10® m, and the center-to-center
distance from the planet to the sun is 9.2 x 1011 m.
Part 1
(a) Calculate the rock's speed just before it…
You decide to go on an interstellar mission to explore some of the newly discovered extrasolar
planets orbiting the star ROTOR. Your spacecraft arrives in the new system, in which there are
five planets. ROTOR is identical to the Sun (in terms of its size, mass, age and composition). From
your observations of these planets, you collect the following data:
Density Average Distance
from star (AU]
Planet
Mass
Radius
Albedo
Temp.
[C]
Surf. Press.
MOI
Rotation
[Earth = 1]
(Earth = 1] [g/cm³]
[Atm.]
Period (Hours]
Factor
SIEVER
EUGENIA
4.0
0.001
2.0
0.1
5.0
1.0
0.3
20
0.8
N/A
3.0
0.2
N/A
0.3
0.4
0.35
20
10
500
1000
5.0
4.0
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.7
-50
MARLENE
CRILE
1.0
1.0
3.0
8.0
1,5
0.0
0.50
0.50
0.25
150
0.4
JANUS
100
12
0.1
10
-80
0.2
200
Figure 1:
А
Rotor
850
890
900
Wavelength (nm)
A
Sun
В
C
860
900
910
Wavelength (nm)
2414
a as
Chapter 11 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 2QFRCh. 11 - How is a meteor heated?Ch. 11 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 11 - Where are most asteroids found?Ch. 11 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 11 - (11.2) How do we know that asteroids have a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 14QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 15QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 16QFRCh. 11 - What creates meteor showers? When do some occur?Ch. 11 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 1TQCh. 11 - Prob. 2TQCh. 11 - Prob. 3TQCh. 11 - Prob. 4TQCh. 11 - Prob. 5TQCh. 11 - Prob. 6TQCh. 11 - Prob. 7TQCh. 11 - Prob. 8TQCh. 11 - Prob. 1PCh. 11 - Prob. 2PCh. 11 - Prob. 3PCh. 11 - Prob. 4PCh. 11 - Prob. 5PCh. 11 - Prob. 6PCh. 11 - Prob. 7PCh. 11 - Prob. 8PCh. 11 - Prob. 9PCh. 11 - Prob. 10PCh. 11 - Prob. 11PCh. 11 - Prob. 1TYCh. 11 - Prob. 2TYCh. 11 - Prob. 3TYCh. 11 - Prob. 4TYCh. 11 - Prob. 5TYCh. 11 - Prob. 6TYCh. 11 - Prob. 7TYCh. 11 - Prob. 8TYCh. 11 - Prob. 9TYCh. 11 - Prob. 10TYCh. 11 - Prob. 11TY
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- ( a) Calculate the equilibrium temperature of a meteoroid of mass M, density ρ, and albedo A in the vicinity of the Earth. (b) Evaluate your result for a chondrite with M = 10^9 g, ρ = 2.5 g cm^− 3, and albedo A = 0.05 and for an achondrite with M = 10^6 g, ρ = 3 g cm^− 3, and albedo A = 0.3.arrow_forwardA)At what altitude would a geostationary sattelite need to be above the surface of Mars? Assume the mass of Mars is 6.39 x 1023 kg, the length of a martian solar day is 24 hours 39minutes 35seconds, the length of the sidereal day is 24hours 37minutes 22seconds, and the equatorial radius is 3396 km. The answer can be calculated using Newton's verison of Kepler's third law.arrow_forwardThe eccentricity of an asteroid's orbit is 0.0331, and the semimajor axis is 1.61 x 1011 m. The Sun's center is at one focus of the asteroid's orbit. (a) How far from this focus is the other focus in meters? (b) What is the ratio of this distance to the solar radius, 6.96 x 108 m? (a) Number Units (b) Number Unitsarrow_forward
- Find the mass of a hypothetical spherical asteroid 4 km in diameter and composed of rock with an average density of 2400 km/ cubic meter. (b) Find the speed required to escape from the surface of this asteroid. (c) A typical jogging speed is 3 m/s. What would happen to an astronaut who decided to go for a jog on this asteroid?arrow_forwardA comet has a period of 78.8 years and moves in an elliptical orbit in which its perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) is 0.630 AU. Find the semimajor axis of the comet and an estimate of the comet's maximum distance from the Sun, both in astronomical units. HINT (a) the semimajor axis of the comet (in AU) AU (b) an estimate of the comet's maximum distance (in AU) from the Sun AUarrow_forwardA small hole in the wing of a space shuttle requires a 20.7-cm2 patch. (a) What is the patch’s area in square kilometers (km2)? (b) If the patching material costs NASA $3.25/in2, what is the cost of the patch?arrow_forward
- The mass of the planet is approximately 74.8 times the mass of Jupiter. Calculate the average density of the planet. Give your answer in grams per cubic centimeter.arrow_forwardA lot of asteroid and comet dust collides with Earth's atmosphere everyday. Assume that 500 tons of mass is added to Earth daily from the millions of meteors that enter our atmosphere. Estimate the time it would take for the Earth's mass to increase 0.2% with this impact rate. Is this mass accumulation significant to Earth as a planet.arrow_forwardA comet with a 2km diameter will make a crater about 20 km in diameter. If the comet has a mass of 4.5 x1012kg and impacts the surface at 35 km/sec, what is the kinetic energy of the comet in Joules?arrow_forward
- The value we have just calculated is the combined masses of Jupiter and Callisto! Their mass is in units of the Sun's Mass (MS) - we can convert this to units which are more familiar to us like kilograms by multiplying this answer by the scale factor (1.99x1030 kg/1 MS): (MJupiter + MCallisto) = ( MS) (1.99x1030 kg/1 Solar Mass) = _______x_10___ kg (I have already written the x 10 so you are reminded to write the exponenet of 10 in the scientific notation expression of your answer). Since you know from looking at pictures of Jupiter with its Galilean Satellites (look in your book at a picture if you have not already), that Callisto is much smaller than Jupiter - in fact it is less than 0.001 of Jupiter's size or mass, so the number we have just calculated for (MJupiter + MCallisto) is almost the same as MJupiter . How much more massive is Jupiter than the Earth? (The mass of Earth is about 5.98 x 1024 kg)arrow_forwardIf the satellite was placed in an orbit three times farther away, about how long would it take to orbit the Earth once? Answer in days, rounding to one significant figure.days Mars rotates on its axis once every 1.02 days (almost the same as Earth does). (a) Find the distance from Mars at which a satellite would remain in one spot over the Martian surface. (Use 6.42 1023 kg for the mass of Mars.)m(b) Find the speed of the satellite.m/sarrow_forwardOne year on Mars is as long as 1.88 years on earth. How many seconds is a Martian year? Please give the correct answerarrow_forward
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