Concept explainers
1
Predetermined
Introduction: Variance means the difference in value which comes when actual figure and estimated or budgeted figure are compared. It is helpful in finding out the cause of difference that arises between figures and formulates the corrective measure, which helps to reduce all those difficulties.
2
Standard hours allowed for the actual production.
Introduction: Variance means the difference in value which comes when actual figure and estimated or budgeted figure are compared. It is helpful in finding out the cause of difference that arises between figures and formulates the corrective measure, which helps to reduce all those difficulties.
3
Variable overhead rate and efficiency variances and the fixed budget and volume variances.
Introduction: Variance means the difference in value which comes when actual figure and estimated or budgeted figure are compared. It is helpful in finding out the cause of difference that arises between figures and formulates the corrective measure, which helps to reduce all those difficulties.
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- (Appendix) Calculating factory overhead: four variances Atlanta Adhesives Inc. budgets 15,000 direct labor hours for the year. The total overhead budget is expected to amount to 42,000. The standard cost for a unit of the companys product estimates the variable overhead as follows: The actual data for the period follow: Using the four-variance method, calculate the overhead variances. (Hint: First compute the budgeted fixed overhead rate.)arrow_forwardGeorgia Gasket Co. budgets 8,000 direct labor hours for the year. The total overhead budget is expected to amount to 20,000. The standard cost for a unit of the companys product estimates the variable overhead as follows: The actual data for the period follow: Using the four-variance method, calculate the overhead variances. (Hint: First compute the budgeted fixed overhead rate.)arrow_forwardABC Inc. spent a total of $48,000 on factory overhead. Of this, $28,000 was fixed overhead. ABC Inc. had budgeted $27,000 for fixed overhead. Actual machine hours were 5.000. Standard hours for units made were 4,800. The standard variable overhead rate was $4.10. What is the variable overhead rate variance?arrow_forward
- Standard cost summary; materials and labor cost variances Perkins Processors Inc. produces an average of 10,000 units each month. The factory standards are 20,000 hours of direct labor and 10,000 pounds of materials for this volume. The standard cost of direct labor is 9.00 per hour, and the standard cost of materials is 4.00 per pound. The standard factory overhead at this level of production is 20,000. During the current month the production and cost reports reflected the following information: On the basis of this information: 1. Prepare a standard cost summary. 2. Calculate the materials (use the materials purchase price variance) and labor cost variances, and indicate whether they are favorable or unfavorable, using the formulas on pages 421422 and 424.arrow_forwardA company estimates its manufacturing overhead will be $750,000 for the next year. What is the predetermined overhead rate given the following independent allocation bases? Budgeted direct labor hours: 60,000 Budgeted direct labor expense: $1,500,000 Estimated machine hours: 100,000arrow_forwardCalculating factory overhead: two variances Munoz Manufacturing Co. normally produces 10,000 units of product X each month. Each unit requires 2 hours of direct labor, and factory overhead is applied on a direct labor hour basis. Fixed costs and variable costs in factory overhead at the normal capacity are 2.50 and 1.50 per direct labor hour, respectively. Cost and production data for May follow: a. Calculate the flexible-budget variance. b. Calculate the production-volume variance. c. Was the total factory overhead under- or overapplied? By what amount?arrow_forward
- Calculating factory overhead The standard capacity of a factory is 8,000 units per month. Cost and production data follow: Calculate the amount of factory overhead allowed for the actual volume of production each month and the variance between budgeted and actual overhead for each month.arrow_forwardDirect materials and direct labor variance analysis Lenni Clothing Co. manufactures clothing in a small manufacturing facility. Manufacturing has 25 employees. Each employee presently provides 40 hours of productive labor per week. Information about a production week is as follows: Instructions Determine (A) the standard cost per unit for direct materials and direct labor; (B) the price variance, quantity variance, and total direct materials cost variance; and (C) the rate variance, time variance, and total direct labor cost variance.arrow_forwardCalculating factory overhead The normal capacity of a factory is 10,000 units per month. Cost and production data follow: Calculate the amount of factory overhead allowed for the actual volume of production each month and the variance between budgeted and actual overhead for each month.arrow_forward
- Determining Budgeted Overhead The overhead application rate for a company is 10 per unit, made up of 6 per unit of fixed overhead and 4 per unit of variable overhead. Normal capacity is 10,000 units. In one month there was a favorable flexible budget variance of 2,500. Actual overhead for the month was 110,000 and actual units produced were 13,125. Based on this information, determine the amount of the budgeted overhead for the actual level of production.arrow_forwardRefer to the data in Exercise 9.15. Required: 1. Compute overhead variances using a two-variance analysis. 2. Compute overhead variances using a three-variance analysis. 3. Illustrate how the two- and three-variance analyses are related to the four-variance analysis. Oerstman, Inc., uses a standard costing system and develops its overhead rates from the current annual budget. The budget is based on an expected annual output of 120,000 units requiring 480,000 direct labor hours. (Practical capacity is 500,000 hours.) Annual budgeted overhead costs total 787,200, of which 556,800 is fixed overhead. A total of 119,400 units using 478,000 direct labor hours were produced during the year. Actual variable overhead costs for the year were 230,600, and actual fixed overhead costs were 556,250. Required: 1. Compute the fixed overhead spending and volume variances. How would you interpret the spending variance? Discuss the possible interpretations of the volume variance. Which is most appropriate for this example? 2. Compute the variable overhead spending and efficiency variances. How is the variable overhead spending variance like the price variances of direct labor and direct materials? How is it different? How is the variable overhead efficiency variance related to the direct labor efficiency variance?arrow_forwardCalculating factory overhead: two variances Monrovia Manufacturing Inc. normally produces 10,000 units of product A each month. Each unit requires 4 hours of direct labor, and factory overhead is applied on a direct labor hour basis. Fixed costs and variable costs in factory overhead at the normal capacity are 10 and 5 per unit, respectively. Cost and production data for June follow: a. Calculate the flexible-budget variance. b. Calculate the production-volume variance. c. Was the total factory overhead under- or overapplied? By what amount?arrow_forward
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