The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134874364
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 65EAP
Escape from Venus.
- Calculate the escape velocity from Venus’s exosphere, which begins about 200 kilometers above the surface. (Hint: See Mathematical Insight 4.4.)
- Calculate and compare the thermal speeds of hydrogen and deuterium atoms at the exospheric temperature of 350 K. The mass of a hydrogen atom is
- In a few sentences, comment on the relevance of these calculations to the question of whether Venus has lost large quantities of water.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Solar scientists want to measure the temperature inside the sun by sending in probes. Imagine that temperature increases by 1 million◦C for every 10,000 km below the surface. A probe that can handle a temperature of x million degrees costs x³ million dollars. a. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 10,000 km down? b. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 100,000 km down? c. How much would it cost to measure the temperature 200,000 km down?
CO2 and planetary warming: understanding Earth’s complicated atmosphere Mars has an atmospheric pressure of 6 mbar (compared with Earth atmosphere pressure of 1013 mbar), 96% of which is CO2. The average calculated temperature of Mars is -57°C, whereas the actual average temperature is -55°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is only 2°C. On the other hand, the average calculated temperature of Earth, with 0.4 mbar of CO2, is -19°C, whereas the actual average temperature is 15°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is 34°C, much greater than that on Mars, which has higher CO2 concentration. Explain how this is possible.
What is the runaway greenhouse effect, and how might it have
altered the climate of Venus?
Chapter 10 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 10 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 10 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 10 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 10 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 10 -
Briefly describe the basic atmospheric...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 10 - What is the greenhouse effect? Describe how it...Ch. 10 - What factors determine a world’s “no greenhouse”...
Ch. 10 - Describe Earth’s basic atmospheric structure, from...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7EAPCh. 10 - Why does convection occur in the troposphere,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 9EAPCh. 10 - What is a magnetosphere? Describe its role in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 14EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 10 - Describe four ways in which Earth’s atmosphere is...Ch. 10 - What is the carbon dioxide cycle, and why is it so...Ch. 10 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 24EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 25EAPCh. 10 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 10 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 28EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 10 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 10 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 10 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 10 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 10 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 10 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 10 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 10 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 10 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 10 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 10 - Atmospheric Structure. Study Earth’s average...Ch. 10 - Magic Mercury. Suppose we could magically give...Ch. 10 - A Swiftly Rotating Venus. Suppose Venus rotated as...Ch. 10 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 10 - Two Paths Diverged. Briefly explain how the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 56EAPCh. 10 - Feedback Processes in the Atmosphere. As the Sun...Ch. 10 - Prob. 58EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 59EAPCh. 10 - Prob. 60EAPCh. 10 - The Mass of an Atmosphere. What is the total mass...Ch. 10 - The Role of Reflectivity. By assuming 0% and 100%...Ch. 10 - The Cooling Clouds of Venus. Table 10.2 shows that...Ch. 10 - Mars’s Elliptical Orbit. Mars’s distance from the...Ch. 10 - Escape from Venus. Calculate the escape velocity...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- We need to create a scale model of the solar system (by shrinking the sun down to the size of a basketball or ~30cm). First, we will need to scale down actual solar system dimensions (planet diameters and average orbital radiuses) by converting our units. There are two blank spaces in the table below. We will effectively fill in the missing data in the next set of questions. Use the example below to help you. Example: What is the scaled diameter of Mercury if the Sun is scaled to the size of a basketball (30 cm)? The actual diameter of Mercury is 4879 km The Sun's diameter is 1392000 km If the Sun is to be reduced to the size of a basketball, then the conversion we need for this equation will be: 30cm1392000km Here is how we run the conversion: 4879km×30cm1392000km=0.105cm or 0.11cm if we were to round our answer. This means that if the sun in our model is the size of a basketball, Mercury is the size of a grain of sand. We can also see by looking at the table, that we would…arrow_forwardWhy Wait? To explore a planet, we often send first a flyby, then an orbiter, then a probe or a lander. There’s no doubt that probes and landers give the most close-up detail, so why don’t we send this type of mission first? For the planet of your choice, based just on the information in this chap- ter, give an example of why such a strategy might cause a mission to provide incomplete information about the planet or to fail outright.arrow_forwardK What is the wavelength (in nm) of the most intense radiation emitted from the surface of Mercury at high noon? (Hint: Use Wien's law, Amax = 2.90 x 10° m: K %3D T (in K) nm In which band of the electromagnetic spectrum is that wavelength? (Hint: Examine the following figure.) Visible light Short wavelengths Long wavelengths 4 x 107 5x 107 6x 107 7x 10meters (400 nm) (500 nm) (600 nm) /(700 nm) Wavelength (meters) 10 12 10 10 10 104 102 1 102 104 Gamma- ray Ultra- violet Micro- Radio X-ray Infrared wave UHF VHF FM AM a Opaque Visual window Radio window Transparent Short Wavelength Long b O gamma-ray O X-ray O ultraviolet O visual O infrared O microwave O radio оооо о оо Opacity of Earth's atmospherearrow_forward
- A new Terrestrial planet has been discovered orbiting a nearby Sun-like star. Astronomers have obtained spectra of this planet and determined that the atmosphere is composed of roughly 99% CO2, and the remaining 1% is mostly N2 and is very thin compared to Earth's atmosphere. Briefly describe how the planet could have developed such an atmosphere.arrow_forwardActivity #1. Compare and Contrast. Similarities and differences of Venus, Earth and Mars. Do this on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Compare and contrast the three (3) terrestrial planets using table 1. 2. Provide explanations for your observations using table 2. 3. Answer the following guide questions. Guide questions: 1. Does planet size affect gravity? 2. Why do you think Venus has the highest mean temperature among the three planets? 3. Is presence of water a primary factor for a planet to sustain life? Why or why not? 4. Based on your observations using table 2, what are the notable features that makes the earth the only habitable planet among the three terrestrial planets? 5. What conclusions can you make?arrow_forwardFully describe the greenhouse effect. How is this important for life on earth?arrow_forward
- Pretend you are a NASA executive or a legislator. Design a new mission in our solar system. Pick any object in the system and decide whether you want to send an orbiter, a lander, a rover, some combination or those, a manned mission, or something else. What interests you about this object? What science questions can we answer? In basic terms, what kind of scientific instruments might you want to include on your mission? Justify your decisions with what you know about the scientific method, astronomy techniques, and the object itself from this class.arrow_forwardImpact Energy. Consider a comet about 2 kilometers across with a mass of 4 × 1012 kg. Assume that it crashes into Earth at a speed of 30,000 meters per second (about 67,000 miles per hour). a. What is the total energy of the impact, in joules? (Hint: The kinetic energy formula tells us that the impact energy in joules will be 1 × m × v2, where 2 m is the comet’s mass in kilograms and v is its speed in meters per second.) b. A 1-megaton nuclear explosion releases about 4 × 1015 joules of energy. How many such nuclear bombs would it take to release as much energy as the comet impact? c. Based on your answers, comment on the degree of devastation the comet might cause.arrow_forwardThe runaway greenhouse effect and its inverse, the runaway refrigerator effect, have led to harsh, uninhabitable conditions on Venus and Mars. Does the greenhouse effect always cause climate changes leading to loss of water and life? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forward
- What is a dust devil? Would you expect to feel more of a breeze from a dust devil on Mars or on Earth? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat is comparative planetology and why is it useful to astronomers?arrow_forwardHow might Venus’ atmosphere have evolved to its present state through a runaway greenhouse effect?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399920Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9781938168284Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. WolffPublisher:OpenStax
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399920
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9781938168284
Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher:OpenStax
Kepler's Three Laws Explained; Author: PhysicsHigh;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyR6EO_RMKE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY