Chapter 10, Problem 38E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

        The types of interpaticle forces present in the following molecules have to be identified.

1. (a) ${\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4}}$
2. (b) ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$
3. (c) $\text{Xe}$
4. (d) ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$
5. (e) $\text{CsI}$
6. (f) ${\text{P}}_{\text{4}}$
7. (g) ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$

Concept introduction:

                Interparticle forces are the interactions between components of a substance. It has impact on almost all the properties of matter. There are mainly two types of them – intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces.

                Intramolecular forces are nothing but the bonding between the atoms in a molecule.

Intermolecular forces are the forces exist between molecules of a substance. Each of this type has its own sub-classification. The overall classification can be summarized as –

                                 

                                                            FIGURE 1

                   

                                                             FIGURE 2

                                                           FIGURE 3

                  Intramolecular forces are the type of bonding between atoms or ions. Ionic compounds have electrostatic force of attraction, the strongest one. Covalent bonds are of two types, that is polar and non-polar depend upon the polarity of the atoms. Metallic bond is formed between the metal atoms of an element.

                 Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and are of three types - London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one.

                 London dispersion forces exist in all types of molecules. This is the force responsible for the condensation of non-polar compounds into liquids or solids under low temperature.

                Dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding exist in polar covalent compounds.