Write a one-sentence definition of the term "genotype." Do the same for " phenotype ." Does the phenotype of an organism automatically change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or why not? Can phenotype change without a change in genotype? In both cases, give examples to support your answer.

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1RQ

Write a one-sentence definition of the term "genotype." Do the same for "phenotype." Does the phenotype of an organism automatically change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or why not? Can phenotype change without a change in genotype? In both cases, give examples to support your answer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Genome encompasses all the information essential for the survival of that organism. Genes are composed of DNA containing instructions either for coding a specific protein or to perform a specific function. Heritable modification in the nucleotide sequence of the genome that is passed from parent to next generation (progeny cells) is regarded as mutation. Such mutations may result in altering the characteristics of that organism. A virus or cell resulting from the wild-type that is carrying a modified DNA is regarded as the mutant.

Explanation of Solution

Genotype represents the entire set of genetic material (nucleotide sequence) of an organism.

Phenotype represents the noticeable properties of an organism.

A modification in the genotype of an organism do not always contribute to a change in its phenotype. Such alterations in the genotype might be due to point mutations. In general, point mutations do not necessarily alter the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of a protein. For example, the amino acid valine is encoded by the codon GUU and any change in the third nucleotide base also codes for valine. Thus, the product of the gene is not altered.

Upon placing an organism in a completely different environment, modifications in the phenotype occur and it is not often accompanied by a change in genotype. This modification in the phenotype could occur either due to the variations in the abiotic factors or genetic expression altering the gene product. For example, Serratia marcescens at 37° C – unpigmented; at 25° C – pigmented.

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A gene is composed of two alleles. An allele can be either dominant or recessive. Suppose that a husband and wife, who are both carriers of the sickle-cell anemia allele but do not have the disease, decide to have a child. Because both parents are carriers of the disease, each has one dominant normal-cell allele (S) and one recessive sickle-cell allele (s). Therefore, the genotype of each parent is Ss. Each parent contributes one allele to his or her offspring with each allele being equally likely. Complete parts a) through c) below. a) Genes are always written with the dominant gene first. Therefore, there are two instances the offspring could have genotype Ss (one if the mother contributes the dominant allele and the father contributes the non-dominant allele; and one if the father contributes the dominant allele and the mother contributes the non-dominant allele). List the other two possible genotypes of the offspring. (Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)

The A and B alleles are codominant, and the O allele is recessive. An AB blood type mother has children with a B blood type father (genotype BO). What are the chances that their offspring will have AB-type blood? Express in percentage.

The dominance pattern of a gene can be determined from the phenotypes of the parents and offspring. In the examples below, assume that each parent is homozygous for the specific allele and that the progeny are heterozygous. Classify each example as either complete dominance, incomplete dominance, or codominance. Complete dominance Incomplete dominance Codominance Answer Bank A black sheep and a white sheep produce a gray lamb. A white cow and a red bull have a calf that is white with red spots (roan colored). A mother with type A blood and a father with type B blood have a daughter with type AB blood. A pea plant with all purple flowers and a pea plant with all white flowers produce a pea plant with all purple flowers. A moth with red wings and a moth with yellow wings produce a moth with orange wings.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1RQ

Write a one-sentence definition of the term "genotype." Do the same for "phenotype." Does the phenotype of an organism automatically change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or why not? Can phenotype change without a change in genotype? In both cases, give examples to support your answer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Genome encompasses all the information essential for the survival of that organism. Genes are composed of DNA containing instructions either for coding a specific protein or to perform a specific function. Heritable modification in the nucleotide sequence of the genome that is passed from parent to next generation (progeny cells) is regarded as mutation. Such mutations may result in altering the characteristics of that organism. A virus or cell resulting from the wild-type that is carrying a modified DNA is regarded as the mutant.

Explanation of Solution

Genotype represents the entire set of genetic material (nucleotide sequence) of an organism.

Phenotype represents the noticeable properties of an organism.

A modification in the genotype of an organism do not always contribute to a change in its phenotype. Such alterations in the genotype might be due to point mutations. In general, point mutations do not necessarily alter the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of a protein. For example, the amino acid valine is encoded by the codon GUU and any change in the third nucleotide base also codes for valine. Thus, the product of the gene is not altered.

Upon placing an organism in a completely different environment, modifications in the phenotype occur and it is not often accompanied by a change in genotype. This modification in the phenotype could occur either due to the variations in the abiotic factors or genetic expression altering the gene product. For example, Serratia marcescens at 37° C – unpigmented; at 25° C – pigmented.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1RQ

Write a one-sentence definition of the term "genotype." Do the same for "phenotype." Does the phenotype of an organism automatically change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or why not? Can phenotype change without a change in genotype? In both cases, give examples to support your answer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Genome encompasses all the information essential for the survival of that organism. Genes are composed of DNA containing instructions either for coding a specific protein or to perform a specific function. Heritable modification in the nucleotide sequence of the genome that is passed from parent to next generation (progeny cells) is regarded as mutation. Such mutations may result in altering the characteristics of that organism. A virus or cell resulting from the wild-type that is carrying a modified DNA is regarded as the mutant.

Explanation of Solution

Genotype represents the entire set of genetic material (nucleotide sequence) of an organism.

Phenotype represents the noticeable properties of an organism.

A modification in the genotype of an organism do not always contribute to a change in its phenotype. Such alterations in the genotype might be due to point mutations. In general, point mutations do not necessarily alter the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of a protein. For example, the amino acid valine is encoded by the codon GUU and any change in the third nucleotide base also codes for valine. Thus, the product of the gene is not altered.

Upon placing an organism in a completely different environment, modifications in the phenotype occur and it is not often accompanied by a change in genotype. This modification in the phenotype could occur either due to the variations in the abiotic factors or genetic expression altering the gene product. For example, Serratia marcescens at 37° C – unpigmented; at 25° C – pigmented.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1RQ

Write a one-sentence definition of the term "genotype." Do the same for "phenotype." Does the phenotype of an organism automatically change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or why not? Can phenotype change without a change in genotype? In both cases, give examples to support your answer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Genome encompasses all the information essential for the survival of that organism. Genes are composed of DNA containing instructions either for coding a specific protein or to perform a specific function. Heritable modification in the nucleotide sequence of the genome that is passed from parent to next generation (progeny cells) is regarded as mutation. Such mutations may result in altering the characteristics of that organism. A virus or cell resulting from the wild-type that is carrying a modified DNA is regarded as the mutant.

Explanation of Solution

Genotype represents the entire set of genetic material (nucleotide sequence) of an organism.

Phenotype represents the noticeable properties of an organism.

A modification in the genotype of an organism do not always contribute to a change in its phenotype. Such alterations in the genotype might be due to point mutations. In general, point mutations do not necessarily alter the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of a protein. For example, the amino acid valine is encoded by the codon GUU and any change in the third nucleotide base also codes for valine. Thus, the product of the gene is not altered.

Upon placing an organism in a completely different environment, modifications in the phenotype occur and it is not often accompanied by a change in genotype. This modification in the phenotype could occur either due to the variations in the abiotic factors or genetic expression altering the gene product. For example, Serratia marcescens at 37° C – unpigmented; at 25° C – pigmented.

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Answer 5

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Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Genome encompasses all the information essential for the survival of that organism. Genes are composed of DNA containing instructions either for coding a specific protein or to perform a specific function. Heritable modification in the nucleotide sequence of the genome that is passed from parent to next generation (progeny cells) is regarded as mutation. Such mutations may result in altering the characteristics of that organism. A virus or cell resulting from the wild-type that is carrying a modified DNA is regarded as the mutant.

Explanation of Solution

Genotype represents the entire set of genetic material (nucleotide sequence) of an organism.

Phenotype represents the noticeable properties of an organism.

A modification in the genotype of an organism do not always contribute to a change in its phenotype. Such alterations in the genotype might be due to point mutations. In general, point mutations do not necessarily alter the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of a protein. For example, the amino acid valine is encoded by the codon GUU and any change in the third nucleotide base also codes for valine. Thus, the product of the gene is not altered.

Upon placing an organism in a completely different environment, modifications in the phenotype occur and it is not often accompanied by a change in genotype. This modification in the phenotype could occur either due to the variations in the abiotic factors or genetic expression altering the gene product. For example, Serratia marcescens at 37° C – unpigmented; at 25° C – pigmented.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Genome encompasses all the information essential for the survival of that organism. Genes are composed of DNA containing instructions either for coding a specific protein or to perform a specific function. Heritable modification in the nucleotide sequence of the genome that is passed from parent to next generation (progeny cells) is regarded as mutation. Such mutations may result in altering the characteristics of that organism. A virus or cell resulting from the wild-type that is carrying a modified DNA is regarded as the mutant.

Explanation of Solution

Genotype represents the entire set of genetic material (nucleotide sequence) of an organism.

Phenotype represents the noticeable properties of an organism.

A modification in the genotype of an organism do not always contribute to a change in its phenotype. Such alterations in the genotype might be due to point mutations. In general, point mutations do not necessarily alter the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of a protein. For example, the amino acid valine is encoded by the codon GUU and any change in the third nucleotide base also codes for valine. Thus, the product of the gene is not altered.

Upon placing an organism in a completely different environment, modifications in the phenotype occur and it is not often accompanied by a change in genotype. This modification in the phenotype could occur either due to the variations in the abiotic factors or genetic expression altering the gene product. For example, Serratia marcescens at 37° C – unpigmented; at 25° C – pigmented.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Genome encompasses all the information essential for the survival of that organism. Genes are composed of DNA containing instructions either for coding a specific protein or to perform a specific function. Heritable modification in the nucleotide sequence of the genome that is passed from parent to next generation (progeny cells) is regarded as mutation. Such mutations may result in altering the characteristics of that organism. A virus or cell resulting from the wild-type that is carrying a modified DNA is regarded as the mutant.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Genotype represents the entire set of genetic material (nucleotide sequence) of an organism.

Phenotype represents the noticeable properties of an organism.

A modification in the genotype of an organism do not always contribute to a change in its phenotype. Such alterations in the genotype might be due to point mutations. In general, point mutations do not necessarily alter the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of a protein. For example, the amino acid valine is encoded by the codon GUU and any change in the third nucleotide base also codes for valine. Thus, the product of the gene is not altered.

Upon placing an organism in a completely different environment, modifications in the phenotype occur and it is not often accompanied by a change in genotype. This modification in the phenotype could occur either due to the variations in the abiotic factors or genetic expression altering the gene product. For example, Serratia marcescens at 37° C – unpigmented; at 25° C – pigmented.

Answer 13

Ch. 10.1 - Distinguish between a mutation and a mutant.Ch. 10.1 - Distinguish between screening and selection.Ch. 10.2 - Do missense mutations occur in genes encoding...Ch. 10.2 - Why do frameshift mutations generally have more...Ch. 10.3 - Why does the Ames test measure the rate of...Ch. 10.3 - Which class of mutation, missense or nonsense, is...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1MQ Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 2MQ Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 3MQ Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 1MQ

Write a one-sentence definition of the term "genotype." Do the same for " phenotype ." Does the phenotype of an organism automatically change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or why not? Can phenotype change without a change in genotype? In both cases, give examples to support your answer.

Solution Summary: The author explains that genome encompasses all the information essential for the survival of an organism. Heritable modification in the nucleotide sequence of the genome is regarded as mutation.

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