Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 1FFT
If a taxonomist constructs a rooted phylogenetic tree for a group of living species, the structure of the tree alone can be used to distinguish hypotheses of monophyly versus nonmonophyly of a particular subgroup. If monophyly is rejected for a particular subgroup, tree topology alone cannot distinguish paraphyly from polyphyly. What additional information is needed to distinguish paraphyly from polyphyly?
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Bony fishes, frogs, and salamanders all produces eggs surrounded by a gelatinous layer and need to be kept in water. Turtles, lizards, and birds lay eggs with thick shells that can survive on land. Turtles, lizards and birds form what kind of phylogenetic group? (paraphyletic, monophyletic, polyphyletic)
Which of the following is true regarding the way we define clades with characters? Select one:
a. Autapomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
b. Plesiomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
c. Synapomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
Please give me the correct answer quickly I will give you upvote
Show a phylogenetic tree that reflects the evolutionary relationships between the following taxa. All of the taxa should be on one (1) tree; var. stands for variety, a subspecific taxon (just as a genus can contain several to many species, a species can include several varieties).
Family Fagaceae
Quercus rubra var. rubra Red oak
Quercus rubra var. borealis northern red oak
Quercus velutina Black oak
Fagus grandifolia Beech
Castanea dentata American chestnut
Castanea pumila var. pumila Chinquapin
Castanea pumila var. ashei Coastal chinquapin
Family Betulaceae
Betula nigra River birch
Betula papyrifera Paper birch
Corylus cornuta Beaked hazel-nut
Corylus americana American hazel-nut
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 10 - List in order, from most inclusive to least...Ch. 10 - Explain why the system for naming species that...Ch. 10 - How does the biological species concept differ...Ch. 10 - What problems have been identified with the...Ch. 10 - How are taxonomic characters recognized? How are...Ch. 10 - How do monophyletic, paraphyletic, and...Ch. 10 - How many different clades of two or more species...Ch. 10 - What is the difference between a cladogram and a...Ch. 10 - How would cladists and evolutionary taxonomists...Ch. 10 - What taxonomic practices based on the typological...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You have reconstructed a cladogram for nine species of plants. Species A is the outgroup. SpeciesB and C form a monophyletic clade. Species D, E, F form a polytomy. Species G is more closelyrelated to D, E and F, than it is to B or C. Species H is basal to all of the ingroup taxa. Species I isa sister taxon to a clade containing B, C, D, E, F, G. Draw the tree. asap pleasearrow_forwardGiven a cladogram for a group of species, what additional interpretation is needed to obtain a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardWhat is a monophyletic clade? What is its difference between paraphyletic and polyphyletic clades?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree? Given a cladogram for a group of species, what additional interpretation is needed to obtain a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardWhen constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forwardAssign the correct phylogenetic term to this image. In this image, the red circles represent species included in the taxon while the white ones are not included in the taxon. The pink bars represent the lineages presented in the taxon. monophyletic O prophylactic polyphyletic paraphyleticarrow_forward
- Are there any problems with the Galapagos finch species traditionally classified in the genus Geospiza? Is it correct to say that the Geospiza finch species make up a monophyletic group? If not, what is the term for the Geospiza finch species as presented in the phylogeny abovearrow_forwardWhen reading a phylogenetic tree, which of the following is true regarding the evolutionary relationships among the taxa represented on the tree? Taxa located at adjacent tips of the branches are always more closely related to each other than to other taxa on the tree. Therefore, a species is always equally related to the taxon on the branch immediately to the right it and the taxon on the branch immediately to the left of it The branch lengths always represent the amount of morphological change between taxa The internal nodes (branching points) of the tree represent the most recent common ancestors of the taxa connected by the branches The position of taxa on the tree is completely arbitrary and does not reflect their evolutionary relationshipsarrow_forwardhow many clades are in this tree?arrow_forward
- Identify the following in the sample cladogram below: plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, synapomorphy, autapomorphy, basal taxa, derived taxa.arrow_forwardBranch, clade and monophyletic group are perfectly synonymous. Select one: True or Falsearrow_forwardDiscuss the role of clades and derived characters in constructing phylogenetic treesarrow_forward
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