Chapter 10, Problem 10.62QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

With the help of VSEPR theory, the geometry of given molecules has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Valence bond theory: VSEPR theory tells about the shapes of molecules and ions by taking the consideration that the outermost electron pairs are arranged about each atom so that the pairs of electrons are kept at a distance from one molecule to other, thereby minimizing the repulsion of electron-pair.

Steps to predict the geometry by VSEPR model:

1. 1) The electron dot formula is written from the molecular formula.
2. 2) The number of electron pairs including the bonding and non-bonding pairs around the central atom is determined from the electron dot formula.
3. 3) The arrangement of these electron pairs about the central atom is determined.
4. 4) The molecular geometry is determined from the directions of the bonding pairs or the arrangement.

To give the geometry of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

With the help of VSEPR theory, the geometry of given molecules has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Valence bond theory: VSEPR theory tells about the shapes of molecules and ions by taking the consideration that the outermost electron pairs are arranged about each atom so that the pairs of electrons are kept at a distance from one molecule to other, thereby minimizing the repulsion of electron-pair.

Steps to predict the geometry by VSEPR model:

1. 1) The electron dot formula is written from the molecular formula.
2. 2) The number of electron pairs including the bonding and non-bonding pairs around the central atom is determined from the electron dot formula.
3. 3) The arrangement of these electron pairs about the central atom is determined.
4. 4) The molecular geometry is determined from the directions of the bonding pairs or the arrangement.

To give the geometry of $\text{HOF}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

With the help of VSEPR theory, the geometry of given molecules has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Valence bond theory: VSEPR theory tells about the shapes of molecules and ions by taking the consideration that the outermost electron pairs are arranged about each atom so that the pairs of electrons are kept at a distance from one molecule to other, thereby minimizing the repulsion of electron-pair.

Steps to predict the geometry by VSEPR model:

1. 1) The electron dot formula is written from the molecular formula.
2. 2) The number of electron pairs including the bonding and non-bonding pairs around the central atom is determined from the electron dot formula.
3. 3) The arrangement of these electron pairs about the central atom is determined.
4. 4) The molecular geometry is determined from the directions of the bonding pairs or the arrangement.

To give the geometry of ${\text{ClF}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

With the help of VSEPR theory, the geometry of given molecules has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Valence bond theory: VSEPR theory tells about the shapes of molecules and ions by taking the consideration that the outermost electron pairs are arranged about each atom so that the pairs of electrons are kept at a distance from one molecule to other, thereby minimizing the repulsion of electron-pair.

Steps to predict the geometry by VSEPR model:

1. 1) The electron dot formula is written from the molecular formula.
2. 2) The number of electron pairs including the bonding and non-bonding pairs around the central atom is determined from the electron dot formula.
3. 3) The arrangement of these electron pairs about the central atom is determined.
4. 4) The molecular geometry is determined from the directions of the bonding pairs or the arrangement.

To give the geometry of ${\text{PF}}_{\text{5}}$