MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE
MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781264330430
Author: VALUE EDITION
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has greater dipole moment among ClO2 and SO2 is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract the shared electrons in the bond towards itself. The more electronegative atom will more attract the bonding electrons towards itself than the less electronegative atom. Therefore the electrons will spend more time with the more electronegative atom than an electropositive atom. The electronegative atom will acquire the partial negative charge and the electropositive atom will acquire a partial positive charge.

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P , additional homework tip  1

Here, B is the electronegative atom and A is the electropositive atom.

Bond polarity can be estimated by ΔEN. ΔEN is the electro negativity difference between the atoms bonded to each other. The formula to calculate ΔEN in AB bond is as follows:

  ΔEN=(electronegativity of B)(electronegativity of A)

Here, B is the electronegative atom and A is the electropositive atom.

The greater electronegativity difference between the atoms induces the greater polarity in the bond thus it generates higher dipole moment.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58P

SO2 molecule has a greater dipole moment than ClO2 molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Both molecules have bent shape thus greater dipole can be found on the bases of the electronegativity difference.

The formula to calculate ΔEN in ClO bond in ClO2 molecule is as follows:

  (ΔEN)ClO=(electronegativity of O)(electronegativity of Cl)        (1)

Substitute 3.5 for electro negativity of O and 3.0 for electro negativity of Cl in the equation (1).

  (ΔEN)ClO=(3.5)(3.0)=0.5

The formula to calculate ΔEN in SO bond in SO2 molecule is as follows:

  (ΔEN)SO=(electronegativity of S)(electronegativity of O)        (2)

Substitute 3.5 for electro negativity of O and 2.5 for electro negativity of S in the equation (2).

  (ΔEN)SO=(3.5)(2.5)=1.0.

Both molecules have polar bonds and have a bent shape of AX2E2 type. But SO has a greater electro negativity difference than ClO therefore, SO2 has a greater dipole moment.

Conclusion

Greater the electronegativity difference between the two bonding atoms more polar will be the bond and greater will be the dipole moment.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has greater dipole moment among HBr and HCl is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract the shared electrons in the bond towards itself. The more electronegative atom will more attract the bonding electrons towards itself than the less electronegative atom. Therefore the electrons will spend more time with the more electronegative atom than an electropositive atom. The electronegative atom will acquire the partial negative charge and the electropositive atom will acquire a partial positive charge.

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P , additional homework tip  2

Here, B is the electronegative atom and A is the electropositive atom.

Bond polarity can be estimated by ΔEN. ΔEN is the electronegativity difference between the atoms bonded to each other. The formula to calculate ΔEN in AB bond is as follows:

  ΔEN=(electronegativity of B)(electronegativity of A)

Here, B is the electronegative atom and A is the electropositive atom.

The greater electronegativity difference between the atoms induces the greater polarity in the bond thus it generates higher dipole moment.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58P

HCl has greater dipole moment than the HBr molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The formula to calculate ΔEN in HCl bond is as follows:

  (ΔEN)HCl=(electronegativity of Cl)(electronegativity of H)        (3)

Substitute 3.0 for electronegativity of Cl and 2.1 for electronegativity of H in the equation (3).

  (ΔEN)HCl=(3.0)(2.1)=0.9

The formula to calculate ΔEN in HBr bond is as follows:

  (ΔEN)HBr=(electronegativity of Br)(electronegativity of H)        (4)

Substitute 2.8 for electro negativity of Br and 2.1 for electro negativity of H in the equation (4).

  (ΔEN)HBr=(2.8)(2.1)=0.7.

Bond polarity and dipole moment are directly related to the electronegativity difference. Therefore, HCl molecule has greater dipole moment than HBr molecule.

Conclusion

Greater the electronegativity difference between the two bonding atoms more polar will be the bond and greater will be the dipole moment. Chlorine is more electronegative than bromine thus HCl has greater dipole moment than HBr.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has greater dipole moment among BeCl2 and SCl2 is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The dipole moment arises when there is a separation of charges between two ions or atoms involved in the bond. The dipole moment is a vector quantity and its direction towards the most electronegative atom.

The direction of the dipole moment is represented as follows:

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P , additional homework tip  3

The polar and non-polar molecule can be identified on the basis of the net dipole moment. Polar molecules have non zero value of net dipole moment and the non polar molecules have zero net dipole moment.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58P

SCl2 molecule has a greater dipole moment than BeCl2 molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The shape of BeCl2 is linear. In BeCl2, the Cl  atom is more electronegative than Be atom so the direction of dipole moment vector is towards chlorine atom.

The dipole moment in BeCl2 is represented as follows:

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P , additional homework tip  4

All the BeCl polar bonds canceled each other’s polarity with net dipole moment zero.

The shape of SCl2 is bent. In SCl2, the Cl atom is more electronegative than S atom so the direction of dipole moment vector is towards chlorine atom.

The dipole moment in SCl2 is represented as follows:

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P , additional homework tip  5

The individual dipole moment does not cancel each other so the value of net dipole moment is not zero and therefore SCl2 is polar in nature.

Hence, SCl2 molecule has greater dipole moment than BeCl2 molecule.

Conclusion

Molecules in which individual dipole moment does not cancel each other result in net non-zero dipole moment and the overall molecule is said to be polar. In SCl2 individual dipole moment adds up and SCl2 is a polar molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has greater dipole moment among AsF3 and AsF5 is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The dipole moment arises when there is a separation of charges between two ions or atoms involved in the bond. The dipole moment is a vector quantity and its direction towards the most electronegative atom.

The direction of the dipole moment is represented as follows:

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P , additional homework tip  6

The polar and non-polar molecule can be identified on the basis of the net dipole moment. Polar molecules have non zero value of net dipole moment and the non polar molecules have zero net dipole moment.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.58P

AsF3 has greater dipole moment than AsF5.

Explanation of Solution

The shape of AsF3 is trigonal pyramidal. In AsF3, the F atom is more electronegative than As atom so the direction of dipole moment vector is towards F atom.

The dipole moment in AsF3 is represented as follows:

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P , additional homework tip  7

The individual dipole moment does not cancel each other so the value of net dipole moment is not zero and therefore AsF3 is polar in nature.

The shape of AsF5 is trigonal bipyramidal. In AsF5, the F atom is more electronegative than As atom so the direction of dipole moment vector is towards F atom.

The dipole moment in AsF5 is represented as follows:

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE, Chapter 10, Problem 10.58P , additional homework tip  8

The individual dipole moment cancels each other’s polarities so the value of net dipole moment is zero and therefore AsF5 is non polar in nature.

Hence, AsF3 has greater dipole moment than the AsF5 molecule.

Conclusion

Molecules in which individual dipole moment does not cancel each other result in net non-zero dipole moment and the overall molecule is said to be polar. In AsF3 individual dipole moment adds up and AsF3 is a polar molecule.

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Chapter 10 Solutions

MCGRAW: CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE

Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 10.6AFPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 10.6BFPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 10.7AFPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 10.7BFPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 10.8AFPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 10.8BFPCh. 10.3 - Prob. 10.9AFPCh. 10.3 - Prob. 10.9BFPCh. 10.3 - Prob. B10.1PCh. 10.3 - Prob. B10.2PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.1PCh. 10 - When is a resonance hybrid needed to adequately...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.3PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.4PCh. 10 - Draw a Lewis structure for (a) SiF4; (b) SeCl2;...Ch. 10 - Draw a Lewis structure for (a) ; (b) C2F4; (c)...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.7PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.8PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.9PCh. 10 - Draw Lewis structures of all the important...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.11PCh. 10 - Draw Lewis structures of all the important...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.13PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.14PCh. 10 - Draw the Lewis structure with lowest formal...Ch. 10 - Draw the Lewis structure with lowest formal...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.17PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.18PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.19PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.20PCh. 10 - These species do not obey the octet rule. Draw a...Ch. 10 - These species do not obey the octet rule. Draw a...Ch. 10 - Molten beryllium chloride reacts with chloride ion...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.24PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.25PCh. 10 - Phosgene is a colorless, highly toxic gas that was...Ch. 10 - If you know the formula of a molecule or ion, what...Ch. 10 - In what situation is the name of the molecular...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.29PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.30PCh. 10 - Consider the following molecular shapes. (a) Which...Ch. 10 - Use wedge-bond perspective drawings (if necessary)...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.33PCh. 10 - Determine the electron-group arrangement,...Ch. 10 - Determine the electron-group arrangement,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.36PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.37PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.38PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.39PCh. 10 - Determine the shape, ideal bond angle(s), and the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.41PCh. 10 - Determine the shape around each central atom in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.43PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.44PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.45PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.46PCh. 10 - Arrange the following ACln species in order of...Ch. 10 - State an ideal value for each of the bond angles...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.49PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.50PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.51PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.52PCh. 10 - How can a molecule with polar covalent bonds not...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.54PCh. 10 - Consider the molecules SCl2, F2, CS2, CF4, and...Ch. 10 - Consider the molecules BF3, PF3, BrF3, SF4, and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.57PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.58PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.59PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.60PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.61PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.62PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.63PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.64PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.65PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.66PCh. 10 - When SO3 gains two electrons, forms. (a) Which...Ch. 10 - The actual bond angle in NO2 is 134.3°, and in it...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.69PCh. 10 - Propylene oxide is used to make many products,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.71PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.72PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.73PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.74PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.75PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.76PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.77PCh. 10 - A gaseous compound has a composition by mass of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.79PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.80PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.81PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.82PCh. 10 - Pure HN3 (atom sequence HNNN) is explosive. In...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.84PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.85PCh. 10 - Oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is found in toxic...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.87PCh. 10 - Hydrazine (N2H4) is used as a rocket fuel because...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.89PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.90PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.91PCh. 10 - Consider the following molecular shapes: Match...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.93PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.94PCh. 10 - Prob. 10.95PCh. 10 - Phosphorus pentachloride, a key industrial...
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