University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 87AP
If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to 50.0% of its original value, by how much are the electric and magnetic fields reduced?
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Suppose a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to 65 % of its original value.
(a) By how much is the magnetic field of the electromagnetic radiation reduced? Give your answer in terms of a ratio of the magnetic field of the polarized light Bp to the incident magnetic field B0.
A polarizer reduces the intensity of light by a factor of 0.5. At what angle should the analyzer be oriented so the average intensity of light leaving the analyzer is reduced to 0.10?
A beam of initially unpolarized light is sent through two polarizing sheets placed one on top of the other. What must be the angle between the polarizing directions of the sheets if the intensity of the transmitted light is to be one-third the incident intensity?
Chapter 1 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding Table 1.1 shows that...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding In Table 1.1, the solid...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding At the surface between...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding In the preceding example....Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding in Example 1.6, we had...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding Although we did no...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding What happens at...Ch. 1 - Under what conditions can light be modeled like a...Ch. 1 - Why is the index of refraction always greater than...Ch. 1 - Does the fact that the light flash from lightning...
Ch. 1 - Speculate as to s1at physical process might be...Ch. 1 - Using the law of reflection, explain how powder...Ch. 1 - Diffusion by reflection from a rough surface is...Ch. 1 - Will 1igt change direction toward or away from the...Ch. 1 - Exp1ain why an object in water always appears to...Ch. 1 - Explain why a person’s legs appear very short when...Ch. 1 - Explain why an oar that is partially submerged in...Ch. 1 - A ring with a colorless gemstone is dropped into...Ch. 1 - The most common type of mirage is an illusion that...Ch. 1 - How can you use total internal reflection to...Ch. 1 - Is it possible that total internal reflection...Ch. 1 - A high-quality diamond may be quite clear and...Ch. 1 - How do wave effects depend on the size of the...Ch. 1 - Does Huygens’s principle apply to all types of...Ch. 1 - If diffraction is observed for some phenomenon, it...Ch. 1 - Can a sound wave in air be polarized? Explain.Ch. 1 - No light passes through two perfect polarizing...Ch. 1 - Explain what happens to the energy carried by...Ch. 1 - When particles scattering light are much smaller...Ch. 1 - Using the information given in the preceding...Ch. 1 - When light is reflected at Brewster’s angle from a...Ch. 1 - If you lie on a beach looking at the water with...Ch. 1 - What is the speed of light in water? In glycerine?Ch. 1 - What is the speed of light in air? In crown glass?Ch. 1 - Calculate the index of refraction for a medium in...Ch. 1 - In what substance in Table 1.1 is the speed of...Ch. 1 - There was a major collision of an asteroid with...Ch. 1 - Components of some computers communicate with each...Ch. 1 - Compare the time it takes for light to travel 1000...Ch. 1 - How far does light travel underwater during a time...Ch. 1 - Suppose a man stands in front of a mm-or as show...Ch. 1 - Show that when light reflects from two mirrors...Ch. 1 - On the Moon’s surface, lunar astronauts placed a...Ch. 1 - A flat mirror Is neither converging nor diverging....Ch. 1 - A light beam in air has an angle of incidence of...Ch. 1 - A light beam in air is incident on the surface of...Ch. 1 - When a light ray crosses from water into glass, it...Ch. 1 - A pencil flashlight submerged in water sends a...Ch. 1 - Light rays from the Sun make a 30° angle to the...Ch. 1 - The path of a light beam in air goes from an angle...Ch. 1 - A scuba diver training in a pool looks at his...Ch. 1 - (a) Using information in the preceding problem,...Ch. 1 - Verify that the critical angle for light going...Ch. 1 - (a) At the end of Example 1.4, it was stated that...Ch. 1 - An optical fiber uses flint glass clad with crown...Ch. 1 - At that minimum angle will you get total internal...Ch. 1 - Suppose you are using total internal reflection to...Ch. 1 - You can determine the index of refraction of a...Ch. 1 - A ray of light, emitted beneath the surface of an...Ch. 1 - Light rays fall normally on the vertical surface...Ch. 1 - (a) What is the ratio of the speed of red light to...Ch. 1 - A beam of white light goes from air into water at...Ch. 1 - By how much do the critical angles for red (660...Ch. 1 - (a) A narrow beam of light containing yellow (580...Ch. 1 - A parallel beam of light containing orange (610...Ch. 1 - A ray of 610-nm light goes from air into fused...Ch. 1 - A narrow beam of light containing red (660 nm) and...Ch. 1 - A narrow beam of white light enters a prism made...Ch. 1 - What angle is needed between the direction of...Ch. 1 - The angle been the axes of two polarizing filters...Ch. 1 - Two polarizing sheets P1 and P2 are placed...Ch. 1 - Suppose that in the preceding problem the light...Ch. 1 - If you have completely polarized light of...Ch. 1 - What angle would the axis of a polarizing filter...Ch. 1 - At the end of Example 17, it was stated that the...Ch. 1 - Show that if you have three polarizing filters,...Ch. 1 - Three polarizing sheets are placed together such...Ch. 1 - In order to rotate the polarization axis of a beam...Ch. 1 - It is found that when light traveling in water...Ch. 1 - At what angle ill lig1t reflected from diamond be...Ch. 1 - What is Brewster’s angle for light traveling in...Ch. 1 - A scuba diver sees light reflected from the...Ch. 1 - From his measurements, Roemer estimated that it...Ch. 1 - Cornu performed Fizeau’s measurement of the speed...Ch. 1 - Suppose you have an unknown clear substance...Ch. 1 - Shown below is a ray of light going from air...Ch. 1 - Considering the previous problem, show that 3is...Ch. 1 - At what angle is light inside crown glass...Ch. 1 - Light reflected at 55.6° from a window is...Ch. 1 - (a) Light reflected at 62.5° from a gemstone in a...Ch. 1 - If bis Brewster’s angle for light reflected from...Ch. 1 - Unreasonable results Suppose light travels from...Ch. 1 - Unreasonable results Light traveling from water to...Ch. 1 - If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of...Ch. 1 - Suppose you put on two pairs of polarizing...Ch. 1 - (a) On a day when the intensity of sunlight is...Ch. 1 - Light shows staged with lasers use moving mirrors...Ch. 1 - Consider sunlight entering Earth’s atmosphere at...Ch. 1 - A light ray entering an optical fiber surrounded...Ch. 1 - A light ray falls on the left face of a prism (see...Ch. 1 - If the apex angle in the previous problem is 20.0°...Ch. 1 - The light incident on polarizing sheet P1is...Ch. 1 - Prove that if I is the intensity of light...
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- The Poynting vector describes a flow of energy whenever electric and magnetic fields are present. Consider a long cylindrical wire of radius r with a current I in the wire, with resistance R and voltage V. From the expressions for the electric field along the wire and the magnetic field around the wire, obtain the magnitude and direction of the Poynting vector at the surface. Show that it accounts for an energy flow into the wire from the fields around it that accounts for the Ohmic heating of the wire.arrow_forwardWhat angle is needed between the direction of polarized light and the axis of a polarizing filter to cut its intensity in half?arrow_forwardWhat is the physical significance of the Poynting vector?arrow_forward
- An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a stack of ideal polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter is perpendicular to the axis of the last filter in the stack. Find the fraction by which the transmitted beams intensity is reduced in the three following cases. (a) Three filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 45.0 relative to the preceding filter. (b) Four filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 30.0 relative to the preceding filter. (c) Seven filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 15.0 relative to the preceding filter. (d) Comment on comparing the answers to parts (a), (b), and (c).arrow_forwardThe electric field of an electromagnetic wave traveling in vacuum is described by the following wave function: E =(5.00V/m)cos[kx(6.00109s1)t+0.40] j where k is the wavenumber in rad/m, x is in m, t s in Find the following quantities: (a) amplitude (b) frequency (c) wavelength (d) the direction of the travel of the wave (e) the associated magnetic field wavearrow_forwardUnpolarized light in vacuum is incident onto a sheet of glass with index of refraction n. The reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other. Find the angle of incidence. This angle is called Brewsters angle or the polarizing angle. In this situation, the reflected light is linearly polarized, with its electric field restricted to be perpendicular to the plane containing the rays and the normal.arrow_forward
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- If the electric field of an electromagnetic wave is oscillating along the z-axis and the magnetic field is oscillating along the x-axis, in what possible direction is the wave traveling?arrow_forwardFigure P24.13 shows a plane electromagnetic sinusoidal wave propagating in the x direction. Suppose the wavelength is 50.0 m and the electric field vibrates in the xy plane with an amplitude of 22.0 V/m. Calculate (a) the frequency of the wave and (b) the magnetic field B when the electric field has its maximum value in the negative y direction. (c) Write an expression for B with the correct unit vector, with numerical values for Bmax, k, and , and with its magnitude in the form B=Bmaxcos(kxt) Figure P24.13 Problems 13 and 64.arrow_forwardThree polarizing sheets are placed together such that the transmission axis of the second sheet is oriented at 25.0° to the axis of the first, whereas the transmission axis of the third sheet is oriented at 40.0° (in the same sense) to the axis of the first. What fraction of an intensity of an incident unpolarized beam is transmitted by the combination?arrow_forward
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