Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337627900
Author: Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 4P
Program Plan Intro

Anomaly:

  • Without normalization, redundancies occur in the table, and it may lead to errors or some sort of inconsistency. These are termed as anomalies.
  • Anomalies occur when user wants to update the data in the table.
  • There are three types of anomalies namely, Insertion anomaly, Deletion anomaly and Modification anomaly.

Data redundancy:

  • Data redundancy is presence of repeated data in the storage device. It consists of duplicate data that is additional to the actual data.
  • In this, the data related to a folder can be seen in other folders. For example, file related to science folder can be seen in mathematics or social.

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