Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321919007
Author: Elaine N. Marieb
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 20CAQ
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted in response to a drop in the calcium level in the blood. The secretion of PTH is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. What can you expect to happen to the calcium blood level as increased amounts of PTH are secreted, and why?
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the levels of a certain type of ion in the blood. What ion is this, and how are its levels affected if more PTH is secreted?
Betty has a calcium poor diet and because of her age (menopause years) she is concerned about becoming hypocalcemic (low blood calcium). Once the blood levels of calcium start dropping, the body will compensate for hypocalcemia. Receptors continually feed the brain’s hypothalamus (blood-calcium regulatory center) information on calcium blood levels. The parathyroid gland will be stimulated to release parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH will stimulate osteoclast cells to break down bone and release the stored calcium to the blood, raising the calcium blood level. a. What is the stimulus?b. What is the control center?c. Identify the control center’s response to the stimuli?d. Does the response stop/reverse the stimuli or enhance the stimuli?e. Is the body’s response a negative or positive feedback?
Thyroid cancer results when the cells in the thyroid gland divide uncontrollably. Individuals who have excessive exposure to radiation may have higher chance of getting thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer can be treated through surgery, iodine therapy, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. What is the purpose of prescribing thyroxine medication for patients following the surgical removal of the thyroid gland?
Select one:
a. to decrease TRH and increase TSH levels
b. to increase TRH and TSH levels
c. to decrease TRH and TSH levels
d. to increase TRH and decrease TSH levels
Chapter 1 Solutions
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 1 - Which of the following is (are) involved in...Ch. 1 - More than one choice may apply. Which of the...Ch. 1 - More than one choice may apply. Using the terms...Ch. 1 - Match the proper anatomical term (column B) with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6MCCh. 1 - A neurosurgeon orders a spinal tap for a patient....Ch. 1 - More than one choice may apply. Which of the...Ch. 1 - Define anatomy and physiology.Ch. 1 - List the 11 organ systems of the body, briefly...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 11SAECh. 1 - Explain the difference between positive and...Ch. 1 - Many body structures are symmetrical. Are the...Ch. 1 - Describe the locations that the following body...Ch. 1 - Which of the following organ systems-digestive,...Ch. 1 - A diagnostic radiographer told John that she was...Ch. 1 - 23. How is the concept of homeostasis (or its...Ch. 1 - Jennifer fell off her motorcycle and tore a nerve...Ch. 1 - Mr. Garica is behaving abnormally and doctors...Ch. 1 - 19. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted in...Ch. 1 - 20. Mr. Harvey, a computer programmer, has been...
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- The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases the hormones oxytocin and ADH. The secretion of each hormone is regulated differently.Explain the difference between positive and negative feedback using the feedback pathways for oxytocin and ADH as examples.arrow_forwardTake thyroid hormones as an example of hormones and their properties. Thyroid hormone is highly bound to proteins in the blood. What is the benefit of such protein binding? What effect does protein binding have on the activity of the hormone? Name a gland other than the thyroid gland that is involved in regulating thyroid hormone production?arrow_forwardKing Egbert VI is falling ill. His calcium concentration is dropping to dangerously low levels. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released and blood calcium levels begin to rise. Shortly after, PTH release slows. Is this an example of a positive or negative feedback mechanism and what is the initial stimulus? a) Positive feedback; reduced PTH b) Negative feedback; increase PTH release c) Positive feedback; decline in calcium release d) Negative feedback; low calcium e) Negative feedback; reduced PTHarrow_forward
- A black market for growth hormone abuse already exists among weight lifters and other athletes. What actions of growth hormone would induce a full-grown athlete to take supplemental doses of this hormone? What are the potential detrimental side effects?arrow_forwardThe hormone thyroxine is given as an oral dose, but insulin needs to be injected into the body. Why?arrow_forwardhGH stimulates the liver to excrete growth factors. In combination with each other, hGH and growth factors affect many body processes.One role of hGH is to metabolize fats. Another hormone in the body that has a similar role to hGH and the gland that secretes that hormone are respectively: Select one: a. Hormone Gland Parathyroid hormone Thyroid gland b. Hormone Gland Thyroxine Thyroid gland c. Hormone Gland Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid gland d. Hormone Gland Thyroxine Parathyroid glandarrow_forward
- Many functions in the body are controlled by hormones – chemical signals that are secreted by one organ or tissue, but have effects in multiple areas. Calcium can enter the body from what we eat and drink. It circulates through blood and is used by many organs, so it’s level is carefully regulated. The amount of calcium in the blood is maintained at a relatively constant level by two hormones; for our purposes, we’ll just call them hormone A and hormone B. Hormone A is secreted by the parathyroid gland and it functions to increase blood calcium levels. Hormone B is secreted by parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland and it functions to decrease blood calcium levels. Calvin, a teenage boy, begins eating ChocoRite™ Calcium Bites, a very tasty calcium supplement. He likes them so much that he ends up eating a whole package one afternoon. 1.Where does hormone B come from? A)From the calcium regulatory cells B)From the parathyroid gland C)From calcium supplements,…arrow_forwardChronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.arrow_forwardExplain how you would interpret the graph in Figure to show that PTH and calcitonin act in a complementary way to control blood calcium level.arrow_forward
- A person develops a rare autoimmune condition during early adulthood which targets only the cells in the thyroid responsible for the release of calcitonin. Which of the following is most likely to describe the patient's blood Ca2+ concentration? This person is asymptomatic and has normal blood Ca" levels. This person has hypocalcemia (low blood Ca) because osteoclasts are not resorbing bone. This person has hypocalcemia (low blood Ca) because of reduced Ca absorption in the gastrointestinal tract This person has hypercalcemia (high blood Ca) because osteoblasts are not depositing bone.arrow_forwardA common test of thyroid gland function is to measure the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone circulating in the blood. What would you hypothesize is wrong in a person who has an abnormally high level of TSH?arrow_forwardA tumour on the parathyroid glands will result in excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) called hyperparathyroidism. PTH has a significant role in calcium homeostasis. Hyperparathyroidism will result in all the following EXCEPT Select one: a. the increase in blood calcium levels b. the breakdown of bones and teeth to release calcium into the blood c. the deposition of calcium into bones and teeth, making them strong and healthy d. the increase in absorption of calcium ions by kidney nephrons, leading to kidney stonesarrow_forward
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