(a) Interpretation: Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined. Concept introduction: For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2 nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Question

Problem Draw a Lewis structure and identify the octet-rule exception for (a) H3PO4 (draw two resonance forms and select the more important); (b) BFCl2.Plan We draw each Lewis structure and examine it for exceptions to the octet rule.(a) The central atom is in Period 3, so it can have more than an octet.(b) The central atom is B, which can have fewer than an octet of electrons.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc. which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

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Problem Draw a Lewis structure and identify the octet-rule exception for (a) H3PO4 (draw two resonance forms and select the more important); (b) BFCl2.Plan We draw each Lewis structure and examine it for exceptions to the octet rule.(a) The central atom is in Period 3, so it can have more than an octet.(b) The central atom is B, which can have fewer than an octet of electrons.

Problem Draw Lewis structures for the following:(a) Ethylene (C2H4), the most important reactant in the manufacture of polymers(b) Nitrogen (N2), the most abundant atmospheric gasPlan We show the structure resulting from steps 1 to 4: placing the atoms, counting the total valence electrons, making single bonds, and distributing the remaining valence electrons in pairs to attain octets. Then we continue with step 5, if needed.

Problem Which of the following substances exhibits H bonding? For any that do, show the H bonds between two of its molecules. (a) C̟H, (b) CH;OH (c) CH3C–NH,

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc. which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc. which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc. which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc. which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc. which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc. which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 16

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Answer 27

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.4P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.6P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.7P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.8P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that a valid Lewis structure is one in which atoms from the 2nd row onward, of the periodic table, must follow the octet rule.

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Chapter 1 Solutions