CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 1, Problem 18TYK
The fruits of wild species of tomato are tiny compared with the giant beefsteak tomatoes available today. This difference in fruit size is almost entirely due to the larger number of cells in the domesticated fruits. Plant biologists have recently discovered genes that are responsible for controlling cell division in tomatoes. Why would such a discovery be important to producers of other kinds of fruits and vegetables? To the study of human development and disease? To our basic understanding of biology?
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One problem with this line of criticism is that it is difficult to distinguish good forms of manipulating nature from unacceptable ones. Some critics of GMOs argue that we ought to leave species as we find them, and that it is the cross-species transfers of genetic material involved in some GMOs that make them unacceptable.
One problem with this objection is that similar transfers have occurred in nature—from basic plant genetics to the long-term patterns of evolution.
Please explain what does it mean
this is an example of biotechnology: In order to increase the yield of oil from canola, research focused on ways to reduce competition from competitor weed plants. Weeds can be controlled by spraying with a herbicide that interferes with biological processes, like amino acid anabolic reactions, in the plant cells. A mutant of canola that is resistant to herbicides is sometimes grown in fields that are sprayed with the herbicide. The majority of canola in Canada, though, is genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides. also use the link: https://youtu.be/VS3kcwgIwm0
Question:
Evaluating Biotechnologies in Food Systems
As we practice being able to describe choices in Biology you will use this consolidation task to organize details about the advantages and disadvantages of biotechnologies. In an ideal world, all solutions to improving our food system would have no negative consequences. But issues in Biology involve the interaction of many different factors and changes in one…
Genetic engineering of plants provides an opportunity to alter their properties or performance in order to improve upon their utility. Such technology may be used to modify the expression of genes already present in the plants, or to introduce new genes of other species with which the plant cannot be bred conventionally. In fact, humans have engaged in genetic manipulation for millennia, producing plant and animal varieties through selective breeding and hybridization that significantly modify genomes of organisms. How has this technology created novel genetic information by specific alteration of cloned genes? (provide an example). Why do you think modern genetic engineering, has met with so much opposition? Should some forms of genetic engineering be of greater concern than others? Explain. In your response provide a specific example from literature to describe the implications of this technology (good or bad).
Chapter 1 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 1 - Complete the following map organizing one of...Ch. 1 - All the organisms on your campus make up a. an...Ch. 1 - Which of these is not a property of all living...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 1 - Which of the following best demonstrates the unity...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 1 - Which of the following is a true statement of...Ch. 1 - A biologist studying interactions among the...Ch. 1 - Which of the following best describes the logic of...Ch. 1 - In an ecosystem, how is the flow of energy similar...
Ch. 1 - Explain the role of heritable variations in...Ch. 1 - Describe the process of scientific inquiry and...Ch. 1 - Contrast technology with science. Give an example...Ch. 1 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 1 - Explain what is meant by this statement: Natural...Ch. 1 - The graph below shows the results of an experiment...Ch. 1 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Suppose that in an experiment...Ch. 1 - The fruits of wild species of tomato are tiny...
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- A. What traits are controlled by the branching gene and fruitcase gene? And how were they determined to be major players in the development of maize? B. Teosinte looks like a terrible plant to begin to domesticate for agricultural purposes. What hypothesis is put forth to explain farmers’ early interest in the plant? C. Often successful domestication of a plant or animal is due to the fact that this involved just a few gene changes. In what situation can changes in just a few genes dramatically change an organism's entire appearance? D. Who is Norman Borlaug?arrow_forwardThe farmer finds that many of the tallest corn plants are also very susceptible to a particular disease. How would the farmer design an experiment to find out if the genes for height are linked to the genes for resistance to the disease?arrow_forwardImproving the nutritional value of food has long been one of the goals in agricultural genetics. Crossing different strains of plants and animals followed by generations of artificial selection have yielded some successes, including the development of high-protein maize. The use of gene transfer biotechnology has led to other advances, including the creation of nutritionally enhanced rice to combat vitamin A deficiency and blindness. Researchers are now turning their attention to the nutritional enhancement of animals that are used as food. Scientists are now turning their attention to using gene transfer technology to nutritionally enhance animal foods. Recently, biotechnology was used to produce a sheep with increased amounts of an omega-3 essential fatty acid that plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and, in adults, reduces the risk of coronary artery disease. Once a small number of transgenic animals have been produced, they can be bred by conventional methods to establish a source of nutritionally enhanced meat and milk. The use of biotechnology is presenting consumers with many new choices, which will become more common in the future. Increasingly, we will all have to educate ourselves about the pros and cons of such decisions. On the other hand, how would you explain your preference for meat from animals without higher levels of beneficial fatty acids?arrow_forward
- Improving the nutritional value of food has long been one of the goals in agricultural genetics. Crossing different strains of plants and animals followed by generations of artificial selection have yielded some successes, including the development of high-protein maize. The use of gene transfer biotechnology has led to other advances, including the creation of nutritionally enhanced rice to combat vitamin A deficiency and blindness. Researchers are now turning their attention to the nutritional enhancement of animals that are used as food. Scientists are now turning their attention to using gene transfer technology to nutritionally enhance animal foods. Recently, biotechnology was used to produce a sheep with increased amounts of an omega-3 essential fatty acid that plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and, in adults, reduces the risk of coronary artery disease. Once a small number of transgenic animals have been produced, they can be bred by conventional methods to establish a source of nutritionally enhanced meat and milk. The use of biotechnology is presenting consumers with many new choices, which will become more common in the future. Increasingly, we will all have to educate ourselves about the pros and cons of such decisions. How would you explain your decision to eat nutritionally enhanced meat from animals modified by biotechnology?arrow_forwardYou have been put in charge of developing a breed of domesticated dog that lives to be 40 years old on average. You will need to brainstorm for several minutes on how you could extend the life of dogs. You should refer to the example of the fruit flies from lecture.As part of this project, the breeders will need to put together an informational brochure to hand out to veterinarians and prospective owners of the dogs, which discusses: first, how dogs' age will be extended, then, some of the potential consequences of having a pet that lives for such a long time. The brochure will need to inform prospective owners that these dogs may live 40 or more years. It should point out that someone who is 30+ years old may have to plan on care for the pet if it were to outlive him or her. Also, there will be more lifetime costs associated with these dogs simply because they live so long. These dogs may be prone to diseases that are not seen in dogs with shorter life spans. Finally, there may be…arrow_forwardGenes control thousands of different traits in plants. These genes can be selected for during natural selection (which drives evolution) and artificial selection (which drives domestication of dogs, crops, etc). During the domestication of modern tomato, describe the traits that were and were not selected. In your own words, describe in 2-3 sentences why domesticated tomatoes bought at a grocery store are lackluster compared to heirlooms or wild tomatoes. What are a few genetic and non-genetic traits that control tomato flavor and taste?arrow_forward
- A consortium of dairy and beef farmers has hired you to study the evolutionary origins of domestic cattle. They particularly want to know whether the humped zebu cattle of Asia and the cattle of Africa are derived from different species of wild cattle than European breeds. Outline a complete research program to study this question. Describe the sequence of steps you would need to do, what kind of data you would collect, and the methods you could use to evaluate possible trees and branches.arrow_forwardHumans have been selectively breeding corn for generations. During the process of domestication, the wild form of corn was eventually changed into a form that has more favorable traits. Early farmers most likely used corn seed that had – thin stalks to withstand stronger wind. a darker color so that they would blend with the field and be protected from predators. larger leaves that could be used for compost. the ability to grow in a large number of climates, soil types, and produced the largest amount of kernelsarrow_forwardA. Dr. Doebley and his team compared the DNA sequence of maize to that of a number of teosinte varieties from throughout Mexico. What did their analysis reveal? B. Teosinte looks like a terrible plant to begin to domesticate for agricultural purposes. What hypothesis is put forth to explain farmers’ early interest in the plant?arrow_forward
- What is biotechnology, and how is it different from traditional plant breeding?arrow_forwardExamine the graph below. Considering that the plants with the most trichomes were selected to produce seeds in the parent population, which of the following results would you predict for the next generation? (The x-axis indicates the number of trichomes.)arrow_forwardDescribe three advantages of using pea plants as an experimentalorganismarrow_forward
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