Problem 1.1QP: Explain what is meant by the scientific method. Problem 1.2QP: What is the difference between qualitative data and quantitative data? Problem 1.3QP: Classify the following as qualitative or quantitative statements, giving your reasons. (a) The sun... Problem 1.4QP: Classify each of the following statements as a hypothesis, a law, or a theory. (a) Beethovens... Problem 1.5QP: Give an example for each of the following terms: (a) matter, (b) substance, (c) mixture. Problem 1.6QP: Give an example of a homogeneous mixture and an example of a heterogeneous mixture. Problem 1.7QP: Give an example of an element and a compound. How do elements and compounds differ? Problem 1.8QP: What is the number of known elements? Problem 1.9QP: Give the names of the elements represented by the chemical symbols Li, F, P, Cu, As, Zn, Cl, Pt, Mg,... Problem 1.10QP: Give the chemical symbols for the following elements: (a) cesium, (b) germanium, (c) gallium, (d)... Problem 1.11QP: Classify each of the following substances as an element or a compound: (a) hydrogen, (b) water, (c)... Problem 1.12QP: Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous... Problem 1.13QP: Identify each of the diagrams shown here as gas, liquid, or solid. Problem 1.14QP: Explain how the distances between particles typically change with different states of matter. Problem 1.15QP: Using examples, explain the difference between a physical property and a chemical property. Problem 1.16QP: How does an intensive property differ from an extensive property? Which of the following properties... Problem 1.17QP: Do the following statements describe chemical or physical properties? (a) Oxygen gas supports... Problem 1.18QP: Does each of the following describe a physical change or a chemical change? (a) The helium gas... Problem 1.19QP: Name the SI base units that are important in chemistry. Give the SI units for expressing the... Problem 1.20QP: Write the numbers represented by the following prefixes: (a) mega-, (b) kilo-, (c) deci-, (d)... Problem 1.21QP: What units do chemists normally use for density of liquids and solids? For gas density? Problem 1.22QP: Describe the three temperature scales used in the laboratory and in everyday life: the Fahrenheit... Problem 1.23QP: Bromine is a reddish-brown liquid. Calculate its density (in g/mL) if 586 g of the substance... Problem 1.24QP: The density of methanol, a colorless organic liquid used as solvent, is 0.7918 g/mL. Calculate the... Problem 1.25QP: Convert the following temperatures to degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit: (a) 95F, the temperature on a... Problem 1.26QP Problem 1.27QP: Convert the following temperatures to kelvin: (a) 113C, the melting point of sulfur, (b) 37C, the... Problem 1.28QP: Convert the following temperatures to degrees Celsius: (a) 77 K, the boiling point of liquid... Problem 1.29QP: What is the advantage of using scientific notation over decimal notation? Problem 1.30QP: Define significant figure. Discuss the importance of using the proper number of significant figures... Problem 1.31QP: Express the following numbers in scientific notation: (a) 0.000000027, (b) 356, (c) 47,764, (d)... Problem 1.32QP Problem 1.33QP: Express the answers to the following calculations in scientific notation: (a) 145.75 + (2.3 101)... Problem 1.34QP: Express the answers to the following calculations in scientific notation: (a) 0.0095 + (8.5 103)... Problem 1.35QP Problem 1.36QP: How many significant figures are there in each of the following? (a) 0.006 L, (b) 0.0605 dm, (c)... Problem 1.37QP: Carry out the following operations as if they were calculations of experimental results, and express... Problem 1.38QP: Carry out the following operations as if they were calculations of experimental results, and express... Problem 1.39QP: Three students (A, B, and C) are asked to determine the volume of a sample of ethanol. Each student... Problem 1.40QP: Three apprentice tailors (X, Y, and Z) are assigned the task of measuring the seam of a pair of... Problem 1.41QP: Carry out the following conversions: (a) 22.6 m to decimeters, (b) 25.4 mg to kilograms, (c) 556 mL... Problem 1.42QP: Carry out the following conversions: (a) 242 lb to milligrams, (b) 68.3 cm3 to cubic meters, (c) 7.2... Problem 1.43QP: The average speed of helium at 25C is 1255 m/s. Convert this speed to miles per hour (mph). Problem 1.44QP: How many seconds are there in a solar year (365.24 days)? Problem 1.45QP Problem 1.46QP: A jogger runs a mile in 8.92 min. Calculate the speed in (a) in/s, (b) m/min, (c) km/h. (1 mi = 1609... Problem 1.47QP: A 6.0-ft person weighs 168 lb. Express this persons height in meters and weight in kilograms. (1 lb... Problem 1.48QP: The speed limit on parts of the German autobahn was once set at 286 kilometers per hour (km/h).... Problem 1.49QP Problem 1.50QP Problem 1.51QP Problem 1.52QP: Carry out the following conversions: (a) 70 kg, the average weight of a male adult, to pounds. (b)... Problem 1.53QP: Aluminum is a lightweight metal (density = 2.70 g/cm3) used in aircraft construction, high-voltage... Problem 1.54QP: Ammonia gas is used as a refrigerant in large-scale cooling systems. The density of ammonia gas... Problem 1.55QP Problem 1.56QP: Which of the following statements describe physical properties and which describe chemical... Problem 1.57QP Problem 1.58QP: In determining the density of a rectangular metal bar, a student made the following measurements:... Problem 1.59QP: Calculate the mass of each of the following: (a) a sphere of gold with a radius of 10.0 cm [the... Problem 1.60QP: A cylindrical glass bottle 21.5 cm in length is filled with cooking oil of density 0.953 g/mL. If... Problem 1.61QP: The following procedure was used to determine the volume of a flask. The flask was weighed dry and... Problem 1.62QP Problem 1.63QP: A piece of silver (Ag) metal weighing 194.3 g is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 242.0 mL... Problem 1.64QP Problem 1.65QP: A lead sphere of diameter 48.6 cm has a mass of 6.852 105 g. Calculate the density of lead. Problem 1.66QP: Lithium is the least dense metal known (density: 0.53 g/cm3). What is the volume occupied by 1.20 ... Problem 1.67QP Problem 1.68QP: Vanillin (used to flavor vanilla ice cream and other foods) is the substance whose aroma the human... Problem 1.69QP: At what temperature does the numerical reading on a Celsius thermometer equal that on a Fahrenheit... Problem 1.70QP Problem 1.71QP: A resting adult requires about 240 mL of pure oxygen/min and breathes about 12 times every minute.... Problem 1.72QP: (a) Referring to Problem 1.71, calculate the total volume (in liters) of air an adult breathes in a... Problem 1.73QP: Three different 25.0-g samples of solid pellets are added to 20.0 mL of water in three different... Problem 1.74QP Problem 1.75QP Problem 1.76QP: The surface area and average depth of the Pacific Ocean are 1.8 108 km2 and 3.9 103 m,... Problem 1.77QP: The unit troy ounce is often used for precious metals such as gold (Au) and platinum (Pt). (1 troy... Problem 1.78QP Problem 1.79QP Problem 1.80QP: The natural abundances of elements in the human body, expressed as percent by mass, are: oxygen (0),... Problem 1.81QP: The mens world record for running a mile outdoors (as of 1999) is 3 min 43.13 s. At this rate, how... Problem 1.82QP Problem 1.83QP: Chalcopyrite, the principal ore of copper (Cu), contains 34.63 percent Cu by mass. How many grams of... Problem 1.84QP Problem 1.85QP Problem 1.86QP: Measurements show that 1.0 g of iron (Fe) contains 1.1 1022 Fe atoms. How many Fe atoms are in 4.9... Problem 1.87QP: The thin outer layer of Earth, called the crust, contains only 0.50 percent of Earths total mass and... Problem 1.88QP Problem 1.89QP: One gallon of gasoline in an automobiles engine produces on the average 9.5 kg of carbon dioxide,... Problem 1.90QP: A sheet of aluminum (Al) foil has a total area of 1.000 ft2 and a mass of 3.636 g. What is the... Problem 1.91QP Problem 1.92QP: Chlorine is used to disinfect swimming pools. The accepted concentration for this purpose is 1 ppm... Problem 1.93QP: An aluminum cylinder is 10.0 cm in length and has a radius of 0.25 cm. If the mass of a single Al... Problem 1.94QP Problem 1.95QP Problem 1.96QP Problem 1.97QP: A human brain weighs about 1 kg and contains about 1011 cells. Assuming that each cell is completely... Problem 1.98QP Problem 1.99QP: A bank teller is asked to assemble one-dollar sets of coins for his clients. Each set is made of... Problem 1.100QP: A graduated cylinder is filled to the 40.00-mL mark with a mineral oil. The masses of the cylinder... Problem 1.101QP: A cobalt bar (density = 8.90 g/cm3) is shown here. What is the mass of this bar to the appropriate... Problem 1.102QP Problem 1.103QP Problem 1.104QP Problem 1.105QP: Tums is a popular remedy for acid indigestion. A typical Tums tablet contains calcium carbonate plus... Problem 1.106QP: A 250-mL glass bottle was filled with 242 mL of water at 20C and tightly capped. It was then left... Problem 1.107QP: What is the mass of one mole of ants? (Useful information: A mole is the unit used for atomic and... Problem 1.108QP: How much time (in years) does an So-year-old person spend sleeping during his or her life span? Problem 1.109QP: Estimate the daily amount of water (in gallons) used indoors by a family of four in the United... Problem 1.110QP: Public bowling alleys generally stock bowling balls from 8 to 16 lb, where the mass is given in... Problem 1.111QP: Fusing nanofibers with diameters of 100 to 300 nm gives junctures with very small volumes that would... Problem 1.112QP Problem 1.113QP: Estimate the total amount of ocean water in liters. Problem 1.114QP: Estimate the volume of blood in an adult in liters. Problem 1.115QP Problem 1.116QP: Estimate the distance (in miles) covered by an NBA player in a professional basketball game. Problem 1.117QP: In water conservation, chemists spread a thin film of a certain inert material over the surface of... format_list_bulleted