Concept explainers
(a)
To compare and evaluate : The percentage and total generation to national averages and report on the solid waste generated.
Explanation of Solution
The statement that includes a comparison of the total generation and percentage compared to the national averages is as below.
The national average of the waste above the percentage of the waste refuse produced by a single person in the house is
The weights of solid waste are classified below.
Weight |
Per cent of the total weight | |
Paper | ||
Plastics | ||
Aluminium | ||
Steel | ||
Glass | |
|
Food | ||
Other | ||
Total | |
About
(b)
The amount of waste that is reusable and to identify the amount of waste that might be reduced.
Explanation of Solution
Glass waste can be reused in various ways such as mixing the glass powder with concrete for the replacement of sand. Since the demand for sand is more, glass powder can be used as a partial replacement for sand. Plastic bags can be used as plastic bottles; supply cups can be used for keeping pens, pencil and the plastic watering cans can be used as pots for gardening.
(c)
The various items in the refuse that is recoverable and to identify the process that is carried out.
Explanation of Solution
Recovery is defined as process by which the refuse can be converted into new products. Recovery of the materials such as waste plastic bottles can be converted to new plastic bottles, steel cans are converted to new steel cans, steel beams or recycled bicycles.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Solid Waste Engineering
- Q4 Estimate the energy content of a solid waste sample with the composition below and what is the content on a dry basis and on ash free dry basis? Component Percent by mass Energy kJ/kg Food waste Paper Cardboard Plastics Garden trimming Wood Tin cans Total 15 45 10 10 10 5 5 100 Based on 100 kg sample of waste Moisture content% 70 6 5 2 60 20 3 4,650 16,750 16,300 32,600 6,500 18,600 700arrow_forwardA truck dumped industrial waste into a pit. They found the truck 3 days ago with a pure pool of waste. Your lab finds the BOD5 of this waste to be 80 mg/L with a k=0.1/day. What was the waste source? Here are the 3 nearby suspects: Winery BOD ultimate = 275 mg/L Vinegar manufacturer BOD ultimate = 80 mg/L Pharmaceutical BOD ultimate = 200 mg/Larrow_forwardCHAPTER 7 WASTE HANDLING AND SEPARATION, STORAGE AND PROCESSING AT THE SOURCE Q4 Estimate the energy content of a solid waste sample with the composition below and what is the content on a dry basis and on ash free dry basis? Percent by mass Moisture content % Component Energy kJ/kg Food waste Paper Cardboard Plastics Garden trimming Wood Tin cans Total 15 45 10 10 10 5 5 100 Based on 100 kg sample of waste 70 6 5 2 60 20 3 4,650 16,750 16,300 32,600 6,500 18,600 700arrow_forward
- 16- The typical composition and characteristics of solid waste sample is ( mass of food waste = 40 kg and density= 250 Kg/m3, mass of Paper and card board = 30 kg and density= 120 Kg/m3, mass of plastic, and rubber = 10 kg and density= 200 Kg/m3 , mass of Garden trimming & wood = 25 kg and density= 150 Kg/m3, mass of Glass, metals, and inerts = 15 kg and density= 300 Kg/m3). The density of remaining solid waste when home - grinder is used and paper and card board component is compacted to 50% of its original volume isarrow_forwardColumn 1 represents the fraction of the SW type in the total SW, Column 2 shows how many percent of the type of SW was recycled/recovered, Column 3 represents how many percent of the type of SW was combusted, and Column 4 shows the density of the type of SW. The volume of waste residue after combustion was negligible. 1) What is the total volume of SW that was landfilled? What is the average of density of the SW that was landfilled? 2) Usually, SW was compacted by some special equipment before landfilling. Also, because of the gravity from the other SW and cover material that was located above, the SW in a landfill was compressed, more or less. As a result, the volume of SW was decreased. Different sorts of SW exhibit different volume reduction behaviors. Column 5 is compact ratio, indicating the volume reduction. Compaction ratio = Volume before compaction/Volume after compaction. Please compute total volume and the average of density of the COMPACTED SW that was landfilled. 3) How…arrow_forwardWrite briefly about stages of Municipal solid waste process collection in an urban area.arrow_forward
- What is the moisture content on dry basis of the following solid waste? Component Total Mass (in kg) Moisture (in %) Newspaper Other paper 15 6 раper 24 6 Card board 33 Glass 4.2 0.5 Plastics 0.49 2 Aluminium 0.13 0.5 Ferrous 1.18 0.5 Non ferrous 0.35 0.5 Yard waste 17.97 60 Food waste 1.67 60 Dirt 2.01 8arrow_forwardExample 5-3 Using the typical percentage distribution data in the given table below, estimate the number of Kj/Kg of the remaining solid wastes if 90 percent of the cardboard and 60 percent of the paper were recovered by homeowner Component Percent by weight Organic food wastes 9.0 Paper 34.0 Cardboard 6.0 Plastics 7.0 Textiles 2.0 Rubber Leather Wood 0,5 Yard wastes 18.5 Inorganic Glass 0.5 2.0 8.0 Tin cans 6.0 Aluminum 0.5 Other metal 3.0 Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 Total Energy kJ/kg Total energy Kj 4720 16747.2 16282 32564 17445 23260 17445 6512.8 18608 139.5 697.5 697.5 6975 42480 570000 97692 227948 34890 11630 8722.5 120486.8 37216 1116 4185 2092.5 20925arrow_forwardCalculate the chemical composition of a typical yard waste with and without water (based on N and S). HINT: Assume 100 lb of waste, 40 % Moisture Contentarrow_forward
- In 2008, the total solid waste (SW) produced in US is 249.61 million tons (note: metric ton). The SW may be divided into 11 sorts, as shown below. For any particular SW type, Column 1 represents the fraction of the SW type in the total SW, Column 2 shows how many percent of the type of SW was recycled/recovered, Column 3 represents how many percent of the type of SW was combusted, and Column 4 shows the density of the type of SW. The volume of waste residue after combustion was negligible. 1) Usually, SW was compacted by some special equipment before landfilling. Also, because of the gravity from the other SW and cover material that was located above, the SW in a landfill was compressed, more or less. As a result, the volume of SW was decreased. Different sorts of SW exhibit different volume reduction behaviors. Column 5 is compact ratio, indicating the volume reduction. Compaction ratio = Volume before compaction/Volume after compaction. Please compute total volume and the average…arrow_forwardCan I get a thorough step by step for the following question? The US EPA requires hazardous waste incinerators to meet a standard of 99.99% destruction and removal of organic hazardous constituents injected into the incinerator, which is referred to as "four nines DRE". The efficiency is calculated by measuring the mass flow rate of organic constituents entering the incinerator and the mass flow rate of constituents exiting the incinerator stack, as shown in Figure 1. Draw a mass-balance diagram and determine the allowable quantity of contaminant in the exit stream if the incinerator is burning 1.2000 g/s of hazardous constituents. If the incinerator is 96% efficient in destroying the hazardous constituents, what scrubber efficiency is necessary to meet the EPA standard?arrow_forwardA 25 ml sample of treated waste water requires 175 ml of distilled water to reduce the odour to a level that is just perceptible. What is the threshold odour number (TON)?arrow_forward
- Solid Waste EngineeringCivil EngineeringISBN:9781305635203Author:Worrell, William A.Publisher:Cengage Learning,