Concept explainers
What evidence led scientists to develop the basic principles of the cell theory? Note how technology played a role in its development.
To describe: The evidence that led to the development of the basic principles of the cell theory
Introduction: The origin of cell biology began with the development of the first microscope. It was the first time that humans were able to see what different materials were made of. However, there were limited numbers of resources like lack of high magnification in primitive microscopes. The natures of studies of the observations made were rather descriptive instead of being analytic. It was also unspecific towards characteristic properties of cellular structure observed.
Explanation of Solution
The evidence leading to the development of the basic principles of the cell theory are stated below:
- The observation made by Robert Hook on the cork of the plant led to the discovery of cells. As the cells present in the cork were dead and empty and compartmentalized hence the name cell was given to them.
- The Anton Von Leuwenhoek was the first person to observe the living cells as he developed a better magnifying microscope. He discovered protozoa and algae.
- The discovery of nucleus by Robert Brown in plant cells.
- The Matthias Schleiden conclusion in 1838 about all the plants that they are made up of plant cells.
- The similar conclusion by Theodore Schwann about the animal's cells in 1839.
- The observations made by Karl Nageli about the nature of cell division.
- The Rudolf Virchow observations led to the conclusion “ominins cellula e cellula” (that means all cells arise from preexisting cells)
To determine: The role of technology in the development of cell theory.
Introduction: The cell theory was given by Schleiden and Schwann which were based upon their different researches about plants and animals respectively bringing them to a similar conclusion. After a while, Rudolf Virchow helped in the addition of a third conclusion which completed the basis of cell theory which is still applicable in the modern world.
Explanation of Solution
The role of the technology in the development of cell theory is:
- The development of the microscope having a high magnification of 30X led to the discovery of cells.
- The development of high magnifying microscope leads to the discovery of living cells of algae and protozoa.
- The invention and development of high resolution and high magnifying microscopes led to the discovery of the nucleus by Robert Brown.
- The improved microscope provided a magnifying lens and an eye piece to provide a better quality of the magnified image, high resolution, and more magnification power. This led to the development of modern optical compound microscopes.
- The power of compound microscope helped the discovery of all plants and animals that are made up of plant cells by Schleiden and Schwann and development of the cell theory.
- The process of cell division was observed by Karl Nageli and later observations by Rudolf Virchow added to the cell theory that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
- questions about GMOs (genetically modified organisms): (1) Explain the agrobacterium-based method for GMO development. (2) What are the criteria that determine the safety of GMOs? (3) Explain how to differentiate GMO from non-GMO productarrow_forwardExplain the principle of lateral flow assay (LFA) used as a point-of-care testing (POCT) technology.arrow_forwardThe following is the partial sequence of a bacterial gene ORF: 5’ --------------------CGGAATTCCCGGGGATCC------------------------3’ (The remaining sequence of the gene ORF never affects the cloning of this gene. The multiple cloning sites of the plasmid vector can be cleaved by 8 restriction endonucleases that are listed in the table. 5’- and 3’-end sequences of the bacterial gene ORF are 5’ ATGGAGT TATCCAGGTGCCT--- and 3’AATATGGAGTTATCCAGGTGCCT---, respectively. After choosing the appropriate restriction endonuclease(s) for directional cloning using the table below, determine the sequences of two 20-mer primers used for the PCR amplification of the gene ORF.arrow_forward
- Explain the terms: SNP and precision medicinearrow_forwardExplain the terms: innate immunity, adaptive immunity, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and CAR-T.arrow_forwardFor what purposes of preclinical and clinical trial phases I, II, and III are required in steps to marketing a therapeutic pharmaceutical?arrow_forward
- The following is the partial sequence of a bacterial gene ORF: 5’ --------------------CGGAATTCCCGGGGATCC------------------------3’ (The remaining sequence of the gene ORF never affects the cloning of this gene. The multiple cloning sites of the plasmid vector can be cleaved by 8 restriction endonucleases that are listed in the tableCompare the cloning efficiencies: SmaI vs. EcoRI.arrow_forwardExplain the term, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.arrow_forwardThe 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and chromatography are the key technologies useful for proteomics. (1) Explain the protein separation principles of 2-DE. (2) Explain the separation principles of the following four chromatographic protein purifications: ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, affinity, and gel filtration.arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education