Chapter 1, Problem 1.17E

Questions 47 and 48: Samples of matter may be classified in several ways, including gas, liquid, or solid G, L, S; pure substance or mixture P, M; homogenous or heterogeneous Hom, Het; and, for pure substances, element or compound E, C. For each substance in the left column of the tables shown, place in the other columns the symbol from the top of the column that best describes the substance in its most common state at room temperature and pressure. Assume that the material is clean and uncontaminated. The first box is filled in as an example. G, L, S P, M Hom, Het E, C Limestone calcium carbonate Lead Freshly squeezed orange juice Oxygen Butter in the refrigerator

A particulate-level illustration of the reaction AB+CDAD+CB is shown below. a Identify the reactants and products in this reaction. b Is the change shown chemical or physical? c Is the mass of the product particles less than, equal to, or greater than the mass of the reactant particles? d If the reaction takes place in a container that allows no energy to enter or leave, how does the total energy in the container after the reaction compare with the total energy in the container before the reaction?

Describe how a homogeneous mixture differs from a heterogeneous mixture.

Write a brief description of the relationships among each of the following groups of terms or phrases. Answers to the Concept-Linking Exercises are given at the end of the chapter. Physical property, physical change, chemical property, chemical change

Physical and Chemical Changes Say you are presented with two beakers, beaker A and beaker B, each containing a white, powdery compound. a From your initial observations, you suspect that the two beakers contain the same compound. Describe, in general terms, some experiments in a laboratory that you could do to help prove or disprove that the beakers contain the same compound. b Would it be easier to prove that the compounds are the same or to prove that they are different? Explain your reasoning. c Which of the experiments that you listed above are the most convincing in determining whether the compounds are the same? Justify your answer. d A friend states that the best experiment for determining whether the compounds are the same is to see if they both dissolve in water. He proceeds to take 10.0 g of each compound and places them in separate beakers, each containing 100 mL of water. Both compounds completely dissolve. He then states, Since the same amount of both substances dissolved in the same volume of water, they must both have the same chemical composition. Is he justified in making this claim? Why or why not?

In the left box, draw a particulate-level illustration of a substance in the gaseous state. Model the particles as spheres, which can be simple circles. Assume that the box represents a tiny, closed container that holds the particles. In the right box, draw a particulate-level illustration of the same substance after it cools and becomes a liquid

Methane gas, a component of natural gas, is burned in pure oxygen. The only products of the process are water and carbon dioxide. Use the term homoatomic or heteroatomic to classify molecules of methane. Explain your reasoning.

1) State your interpretation of the meaning of the slope for the first graph you prepared of Volume of Steel Nuts (mL) versus Number of Steel Nuts. Hint: Understanding the meaning of a slope involves several factors: the units which are a ratio of the y axis units over the x axis units, the interpretation of the slope as “number of the y axis units for every one of the x axis units” and the concept that constructing the best line or curve that follows the trend in the data is a sort of averaging of the random error throughout the data.