Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780131679955
Author: Edgar G. Goodaire
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 0.2, Problem 25E
Let
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7. [10 marks]
Let G
=
(V,E) be a 3-connected graph. We prove that for every x, y, z Є V, there is a
cycle in G on which x, y, and z all lie.
(a) First prove that there are two internally disjoint xy-paths Po and P₁.
(b) If z is on either Po or P₁, then combining Po and P₁ produces a cycle on which
x, y, and z all lie. So assume that z is not on Po and not on P₁. Now prove that
there are three paths Qo, Q1, and Q2 such that:
⚫each Qi starts at z;
• each Qi ends at a vertex w; that is on Po or on P₁, where wo, w₁, and w₂ are
distinct;
the paths Qo, Q1, Q2 are disjoint from each other (except at the start vertex
2) and are disjoint from the paths Po and P₁ (except at the end vertices wo,
W1, and w₂).
(c) Use paths Po, P₁, Qo, Q1, and Q2 to prove that there is a cycle on which x, y, and
z all lie. (To do this, notice that two of the w; must be on the same Pj.)
Chapter 0 Solutions
Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory
Ch. 0.1 - pandq is false if pandq are false.Ch. 0.1 - If pandq is false, then both pandq are false.Ch. 0.1 - True/False Questions
3. It is possible for both “”...Ch. 0.1 - True/False Questions
4. It is possible for both “”...Ch. 0.1 - The implication If 22=5, then 32=9 is true.Ch. 0.1 - The negation of a=b=0 is ab0.Ch. 0.1 - The converse of the implication in Question 5 is...Ch. 0.1 - True/False Questions
8. The double implication “...Ch. 0.1 - It is possible for both an implication and its...Ch. 0.1 - The statement Some frogs have red toes makes use...
Ch. 0.1 - The negation of an existential quantifier is its...Ch. 0.1 -
Classify each of the following statements as...Ch. 0.1 -
Classify each of the following statements as...Ch. 0.1 - 3. Rewrite each of the following statements so...Ch. 0.1 -
4. Determine whether each of the following...Ch. 0.1 - Write down the negation of each of the following...Ch. 0.1 -
6. Write down the converse and contrapositive of...Ch. 0.1 - Rewrite each of the following statements using the...Ch. 0.1 - Is it possible for both an implication and its...Ch. 0.1 - On page 4 of the text, we stated as more or less...Ch. 0.2 - If you want to prove a statement is true, it is...Ch. 0.2 - True/False Questions
2. If you want to prove a...Ch. 0.2 - The sentence A is a sufficient condition for Bis...Ch. 0.2 - True/False Questions
4. If A B, BC, CD, and CA...Ch. 0.2 - True/False Questions
5. If A B, BC, CD, and CA...Ch. 0.2 - The contrapositive of A Bis B A.Ch. 0.2 - A Bis true if and only if its contrapositive is...Ch. 0.2 - True/False Questions
8. is a rational number.
Ch. 0.2 - True/False Questions
9. 3.141 is a rational...Ch. 0.2 - True/False Questions
10. If and are irrational...Ch. 0.2 - True/False Questions
11. The statement “Every...Ch. 0.2 - The statement There exists an irrational number...Ch. 0.2 - What is the hypothesis and what is the conclusion...Ch. 0.2 - 2. In each part of Exercise 1, what condition is...Ch. 0.2 - Exhibit a counterexample to each of the following...Ch. 0.2 - Consider the following two statements: A: The...Ch. 0.2 - Determine whether the following implication is...Ch. 0.2 - State the converse of the implication in Exercise...Ch. 0.2 - 7. Answer Exercise 5 with replaced by .
Ch. 0.2 - Consider the statement A: If n is an integer, nn+1...Ch. 0.2 - 9. Let be an integer greater than 1 and consider...Ch. 0.2 - 10. A theorem in calculus states that every...Ch. 0.2 - 11. Let be an integer, . A certain mathematical...Ch. 0.2 - Consider the assertions A: For every real number...Ch. 0.2 - Answer Exercise 12 with A and B as follows. A:...Ch. 0.2 - 14. Answer true or false and supply a direct proof...Ch. 0.2 - Prove that n an even integer n2+3n is an even...Ch. 0.2 - 16. (a) Let be an integer. Show that either or...Ch. 0.2 - 17. Provide a direct proof that is odd for all...Ch. 0.2 - Prove that 2x24x+30 for any real number x.Ch. 0.2 - 19. Let and be integers. By examining the four...Ch. 0.2 - Let n be an integer. Prove that n2 is even if and...Ch. 0.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 0.2 - Prove that if n is an odd integer then there is an...Ch. 0.2 - 23. Prove that if is an odd integer, there is an...Ch. 0.2 - 24. Prove that there exists no smallest positive...Ch. 0.2 - 25. Let be the product of positive integers and ....Ch. 0.2 - 26. (For students who have studied linear algebra)...Ch. 0.2 - 27. (a) Suppose and are integers such that . Prove...Ch. 0.2 - Suppose a and b are integers such that a+b+ab=0....Ch. 0.2 - Suppose a is an irrational number. Prove that 1a...Ch. 0.2 - 30. Suppose that is a rational number and that is...Ch. 0.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 0.2 - 32. Find a proof or exhibit a counterexample to...Ch. 0.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 0.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 0.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 0.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 0.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 0.2 - Prove that there exist irrational numbers a and b...Ch. 0 - State, with a reason, whether each of the...Ch. 0 - Prob. 2RECh. 0 - 3. Write down the converse, the contrapositive and...Ch. 0 - Prob. 4RECh. 0 - Prob. 5RECh. 0 - Prob. 6RECh. 0 - Prob. 7RECh. 0 - Prob. 8RECh. 0 - 9. Let be an integer. Prove that is odd if and...Ch. 0 - Give a direct proof of the fact that a25a+6 is...Ch. 0 - Prob. 11RECh. 0 - Prob. 12RECh. 0 - 13. Prove, by way of contradiction, that if is a...Ch. 0 - Prob. 14RECh. 0 - Prob. 15RECh. 0 - Prob. 16RECh. 0 - Prob. 17RECh. 0 - Prob. 18RECh. 0 - Each of the integers 31, 331, 3331, 33331, 333331,...
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- 6. [10 marks] Let T be a tree with n ≥ 2 vertices and leaves. Let BL(T) denote the block graph of T. (a) How many vertices does BL(T) have? (b) How many edges does BL(T) have? Prove that your answers are correct.arrow_forward4. [10 marks] Find both a matching of maximum size and a vertex cover of minimum size in the following bipartite graph. Prove that your answer is correct. ย ພarrow_forward5. [10 marks] Let G = (V,E) be a graph, and let X C V be a set of vertices. Prove that if |S||N(S)\X for every SCX, then G contains a matching M that matches every vertex of X (i.e., such that every x X is an end of an edge in M).arrow_forward
- Q/show that 2" +4 has a removable discontinuity at Z=2i Z(≥2-21)arrow_forwardRefer to page 100 for problems on graph theory and linear algebra. Instructions: • Analyze the adjacency matrix of a given graph to find its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. • Interpret the eigenvalues in the context of graph properties like connectivity or clustering. Discuss applications of spectral graph theory in network analysis. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 110 for problems on optimization. Instructions: Given a loss function, analyze its critical points to identify minima and maxima. • Discuss the role of gradient descent in finding the optimal solution. . Compare convex and non-convex functions and their implications for optimization. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
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- Only 100% sure experts solve it correct complete solutions okarrow_forwardGive an example of a graph with at least 3 vertices that has exactly 2 automorphisms(one of which is necessarily the identity automorphism). Prove that your example iscorrect.arrow_forward3. [10 marks] Let Go (Vo, Eo) and G₁ = (V1, E1) be two graphs that ⚫ have at least 2 vertices each, ⚫are disjoint (i.e., Von V₁ = 0), ⚫ and are both Eulerian. Consider connecting Go and G₁ by adding a set of new edges F, where each new edge has one end in Vo and the other end in V₁. (a) Is it possible to add a set of edges F of the form (x, y) with x € Vo and y = V₁ so that the resulting graph (VUV₁, Eo UE₁ UF) is Eulerian? (b) If so, what is the size of the smallest possible F? Prove that your answers are correct.arrow_forward
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