You notice that the tails of the phages in one lab stock are shorter than the tails in another lab stock. You sequence the tape measure gene, which is the gene that determines tail length in phages. You identify a mutation that you think caused the shorter tails. Which type of mutation is the most likely cause of this phenotype and why?

E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interference

How could you use yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) to find these types of mutations in S. cerevisiae?

A bacteriophage lytic development cycle is determined by the expression of its genes. How are these genes temporally subdivided?