You notice that the tails of the phages in one lab stock are shorter than the tails in another lab stock. You sequence the tape measure gene, which is the gene that determines tail length in phages. You identify a mutation that you think caused the shorter tails. Which type of mutation is the most likely cause of this phenotype and why?

Q: Which type of mutation is simulated in the following example?   Wild type: THE ONE BIG FLY HAD…

A: The mutation simulated is point mutation.

Q: A researcher sequenced a portion of a bacterial gene and obtainedthe following sequence, beginning…

A: Bacteria are the prokaryotic microorganisms having different shapes and sizes. Bacteria are among…

Q: The figure below shows RNA-Seq data (RED) for the D. melanogaster transformer (tra) gene obtained…

A: DNA is made up of nucleotides. DNA consists of exons which are the coding sequences and introns…

Q: Which of the following point mutations is likely to be the worst for an organism if they happened in…

A: Mutation is a change in genetic sequence or genomic sequence of an organism. This change can be…

Q: Explain, with the aid of a hand drawn diagram, the life cycle of bacteriophage T4.

A: introduction  One of the seven E. coli phages (T1-T7) that make up the Myoviridae family is the…

Q: ne struct photomicrographs tumen, mucosa, submueosa Jumen adventitla Submucusa -cartilage mucsa

A: Trachea wall layers :  Lumen  Mucosa  Submucosa  Hyaline cartilage  Adventitia

Q: If a mutagen causes bases to be removed from nucleotides withinDNA, what repair system would fix…

A: DNA repair is the process in which certain specialized enzymes within the cell known as DNA repair…

Q: Which of the following is true about plasmids?a) They are present in all organismsb) They are…

A: A plasmid is circular, extrachromosomal, small piece of DNA present in the cytoplasm that is…

Q: A geneticist isolates two mutations in a bacteriophage. One mutation causes clear plaques (c), and…

A: The geneticist mixes two phages having genotype c+ m+ and genotype c− m− and used the mixture to…

Q: find an example of a set of genes that have been horizontally gene transferred between bacteria or…

A: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can be defined as the acquisition of genetic material from another…

Q: Bacteria that live in the digestive systems of cows help break down the plants that cows eat,…

A: An interaction (or relationship) between two unlike species and they both get benefited is called…

Q: Researchers systematically replaced 414 essential genes in yeast with similar genes from humans.…

A: Genes are the functional unit of heredity. The genes code for proteins which are vital for growth…

Q: Refer to the following illustration to answer the questic The illustration shows: O a lysogenic…

A: The transposable genetic element also named as mobile genetic element or jumping genes. They can be…

Q: A group of genetics students mix two auxotrophic strains of bacteria: one is leu+ trp+ his− met− and…

A: Bacteria are a group of prokaryotic microscopic single celled organisms. They live in diverse…

Q: You have found that two types of bacteria (one large, one small) can undergo horizontal gene…

A: Bacteria are small single cell organisms. They found everywhere on earth. Some of them can survive…

Q: An alien visits Earth and is found to have the same 'genetic code' as humans. However, the alien has…

A: Mutation occurs when there is a change or damage in the DNA in such a way that it alters the genetic…

Q: Contrast the size of the single chromosome in bacteriophage l and T2 with that of E. coli. How does…

A: The bacteriophage is the virus that uses bacterial cells as the host.

Q: What are bacteriophages, and what is unique about their structure?

A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…

Q: You have sequenced a few individuals in the population and found out that there are only two alleles…

A: Mutation is defined as the change in sequence of a gene in the DNA.

Q: You receive four strains of yeast in the mail, and the accompanying instructions state that each…

A: The expression of a gene in a eukaryote depends on various factors and is regulated by different…

Q: A mutation occurs that changes a codon from UCC to UCA. It turns out that this codon is for an amino…

A: Based on the nature of change that occurs in a codon due to a point mutation (mutation at a single…

Q: Assume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you…

A: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase  or RNA polymerase or replicase  is an enzyme that catalyzes the…

Q: Antibiotics such as tetracycline, streptomycin, and bacitracin are small organic molecules that are…

A: Bacteria become resistant due to gene transfer

Q: Short DNA sequence having single occurrence in genome isa) Expressed sequence tagb) Sequence tagged…

A: DNA is the genetic material present in most of the living organisms. The DNA is made up of 4…

Q: You are studying a new retrovirus. The viral protein (X) appears to play a role in the export of the…

A: The nucleus is the structure that encompasses the genome (DNA) in all eukaryotic cells. It is…

Q: You are an expert in DNA-repair mechanisms. You receive a sample of a human cell line derived from…

A: In normal conditions, the cells are capable of fixing the damages caused to DNA before problems…

Q: Bacteriophage lambda (λ) consists primarily of a head, which contains the genomic DNA, and a tail…

A: Answer: Bacteriophage are the bacteria infecting viruses, which are able to infect bacteria. These…

Q: Jamie conducts an experiment to determine the order of gene in bacteria. She uses an Hfr bacteria…

A: The transformation experiment can we perform for the determination of gene order. During…

Q: A scientist is trying to get a bacterium to make human insulin.  The scientist uses restriction…

A: Recombinant DNA technology is a boon invented by genetic engineers in order to produce important…

Q: Which of the following correctly lists mutation types in order from least likely to affect an…

A: A mutation occurs when the order of bases in DNA or RNA changes. Each person has a mutation. In…

Q: What does it mean when we say that ecological systems are in a dynamic steady state?

A: The self-sustaining or functional unit of the living world is known as an ecosystem. It consists of…

Q: Despite being asexual, bacteria can develop genetic variability during the process of conjugation.…

A: Conjugation is a process involving the exchange of genetic material between bacteria via direct…

Q: In Hershey and Chase’s experiment investigating which biological molecule carries genetic…

A: In Hershey and Chase’s experiment, the protein coat was labelled with radioactive sulfur and the DNA…

Q: Why was the ruppy dog created or modified? Give 4 reasons

A: A cloned beagle named Ruppy – short for Ruby Puppy – is the world's first transgenic canine ( dog).…

Q: In eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the main process by which new gene combinations are generated.…

A: Genetic material passes on from parents to offspring along with the information loaded in the form…

Q: Many transposons move within a genome by replicative mechanisms . They therefore increase in copy…

A: Transposon is a type of genetic element that can "jump" to different places in the genome. Although…

Q: Bacterial cells were coinfected with two types of bacteriophage lambda: One carried the c+ allele…

A: The bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects the bacterial cell. The bacteriophage is made up…

Q: Review the Process Diagram, Figure 8.9, and answer this question. The type of horizontal gene…

A: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.