You have found a putative virus which is able to infect a bacterium causing increased mortality and resistance to all antibacterial agents. You have systematically purified the sample but have an unknown concentration of viruses. You perform the following serial dilutions.

Most hospitals use hand sanitizers that claim to “kill 99.99% of illness causing germs”. What are some possible reasons that 0.01% of germs (germs = microorganisms and viruses) not affected by hand sanitizer? (In your answer, you should state what hand sanitizer is made of, and the mechanism by which it kills “germs”.

During the process of conjugation between two bacteria, each bacterium transfers some of its DNA into the other bacterium.    True False

Describe characteristics of Streptococcus Agalactiae in the Agar: (How does colonies look like (color) and explain does it grow on that agar. (Don't have to write the incubation period) ~ Only describe how would it look like on the Agar:  Blood Agar (Aerobic) MacConkey EMB PEA Mannitol Salt Agar Chocolate Agar Nutrient Agar

Which of the following is NOT true about Koch's postulates? First developed by Robert Koch, the pioneering German microbiologist In the first step, the microbe that causes a naturally occurring disease is cultured from a "wild" (non-laboratory) animal which has that disease None of the other four answers (All are true about Koch's Postulates) They represent a process for showing a causal association between a specific microbe and a disease If the same microbe from a diseased "wild" (non-laboratory) host causes the same disease in a lab animal and it can be cultured from that lab animal, this proves that the microbe is the cause of the naturally occurring disease

You perform an ELISA to test hospital soap samples for contamination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other than the different molecule of interest, this ELISA works exactly like the one you saw in the video. You run the soap sample, a negative control, and a positive control, all in duplicate. How would you interpret the following results?   Laboratory Notebook: ELISA – Pseudomonas aeruginosa Well Contents Observation at 15 min Result 1 Negative control     2 Soap sample     3 Positive control     4 Negative control     5 Soap sample     6 Positive control     7 Empty well     8 Empty well           The soap is POSITIVE for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigen. You cannot interpret the soap data, because the NEGATIVE control didn’t work. The soap is NEGATIVE for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigen. You cannot interpret the soap data, because the POSITIVE control didn’t work.

A suspected pathogen is observed from the blood of a diseased mouse. An investigation of the other mice in the area indicates that it is not present in healthy mice. With Koch's postulates in mind, what is the next step to determine whether or not this suspected pathogen is the cause of disease in the mouse? a) Grow the suspected pathogen in a pure culture Ob) Re-isolate the suspected pathogen and show that it is the same as the original pathogen c) Inoculate a healthy mouse with the suspected pathogen O d) Determine whether the organism in the pure culture is the same one as in the original sample

Which of the following is a correct way to write a bacterial name? O 1) Escherichia coli O 2) Staphylococcus Aureus O 3) STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS O 4) bacillus Subtilis O 5) pseudomonas aeruginosa

After an antimicrobial drugs test, the following results were obtained from a disk-diffusion test against a bacterium.   Antiboitic A= 6mm Antibiotic B= 18mm Antibiotic C= 11mm Antibiotic D= 19mm which drug should be used to treat an infect caused by this bacterium (assuming everything else is equal about these antibiotics)?

Use the attached image to help explain the results on the NA and ECM plates. Be sure to address why each sample is either able or unable to grow on each plate and include the genotype(s) of the cells which are capable of growth.