Write structures for the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucleophile that react to give the aldol below. HO You do not have to consider stereochemistry. carbanion late nucleophile in its Draw the eno form. Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right comer. ° Separate multiple reactants using the+ sign from the drop-down menu.

CH21/23) [Review Topics] [References] Draw structures for the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucleophile that react to give the aldol or enone below. OH CI You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Draw the enolate ion in its carbanion form. Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate multiple reactants using the + sign from the drop-down menu. ChemDoodle ? Previous Nex

4. Complete the phrases with one or more of the following terms: SNI, SN2, E1, E2. a) The reaction takes place in two or more steps. b) The reaction goes through a carbocation. c) The rate determining step has two reactants. d) The rate is independent of the concentration of nucleophile or base. e) Zaitsev's rule is often applicable to the products..

Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts and the alcohol side product. 1. H3O*, heat 2. Neutralizing work-up Type here to search

Write structures for the carbonyl electrophile and enolate nucleophile that react to give the aldol below. ОН You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Draw the enolate nucleophile in its carbanion form. • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. • Separate multiple reactants using the + sign from the drop-down menu.

3. How does the presence of the tBu group influence the attack of a nucleophile e.g. Br- onto the Br ? Bu

5. Our base choice determines how much of the original acid is left in solution at equilibrium. This will have significant consequences during our discussion of the Aldol and Claisen reactions. For each of the reactions below determine which is the most acidic proton in the first molecule. Assign a pKa value to at least the most acidic proton. Draw the expected conjugate base and acid. Assign a pKa value to the conjugate acid then determine the approximate position of the equilibrium (towards the starting material, towards the product, or near the middle - for example there would be a significant amount of starting material and product at equilibrium). Then predict the product of the reaction of the conjugate base with the reagent over the next arrow. An example is provided below. Alcohol 16 Lowest pKa =Most acidic Alcohol OH OH 16 OH NaOCH3 Br HO HOCH HO HO HO 16 10 Phenol 38 Amine Albuterol pKa 10 stronger acid pka 16 weaker acid = favored at equilibrium Difference in pKa values = 6…

In the solvolysis experiment changing the reagent from t-butyl chloride to t-butyl iodide does it affect the rate of reaction? Is the new reaction faster, slower or no change? Please explain?

4. The issue with enol/enolate syntheses is that a lot of the starting materials and products have the same functional groups (carbonyls). To determine which enolate reaction is needed, thus, can depend on more than functional group identification: it sometimes depends on identifying how many carbons are between each carbonyl. So we're going to create a new synthetic map for carbon-carbon bond formations with enols and enolates. Fill in the missing starting materials, reagents, or products as needed, and answer the given questions. a. The aldol, Option 1 ai nip b. The aldol, Option 2 R3 R R3 R² What kind of functional group is this product? · R3 c. The Claisen Condensation R3 OH R¹ R2 Circle the correct answer: The alcohol is (alpha/beta) to the carbonyl. base · + R² OR3 R1 R1 and R2 alkyl, aryl, OR R² Fill in the answer: The product is a (1, ) dicarbonyl

Draw the organic product(s) of this intramolecular aldol condensation reaction. Consider only the formation of 5- and 6-membered rings.