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Why must you bend forward when carrying a heavy load on your back?

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student Edition

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Chapter8: Rotational Motion

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 71A

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Concept explainers

Mechanical Properties of Solids

There are three types of matter- solid, liquid and gas. Out of them, solids have a rigid shaped and size. The intermolecular forces of attractions in solids are greatest. Mechanical properties are the physical properties of a material which it shows, when it is provided with certain amount of force or load. These properties are to be kept in mind for various purposes. When a force is applied to an object, the object may or may not get deformed depending upon its elastic property. But every time the object develops a restoring force against the force applied. This is commonly known as stress. If the object changes its dimensions due to the force applied it develops strain ( which is the ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension).

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Assume a person bends forward to lift a load "with his back" as shown in Figure (a). The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, consider the model shown in Figure (b) for a person bending forward to lift a W, = 205-N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight W, = 320 N, pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 0 = 10.5°. Back muscle R, Pivot R W2 a (a) Find the tension T in the back muscle. N (b) Find the compressional force in the spine. (c) Is this method a good way to lift a load? O Yes No Explain your answer, using the results of parts, using the results of parts (a) and (b). This answer has not been graded yet. (d) Can you suggest a…
Suppose the humerus is reduced uniformly in size by a factor of two. This means that both the length and diameter arehalved. What is the amount of stretch in this case?