Why is it unfavorable for RNA molecules to adopt a double-helix structure similar to B-DNA?
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Why is it unfavorable for RNA molecules to adopt a double-helix structure similar to B-DNA?
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Because it is entropically unfavorable |
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Because that would cause a steric clash between the sugars and nucleobases |
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Because that would cause a steric clash between the 2' OHs of the sugars and the phosphates |
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Because uracil can't form hydrogen bonds with any other nucleobases |
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- Given the following diagram of how protein AWESOME1 binds to it's target DNA, describe the potential effects of each of the 5 mutations shown below. The wild-type sequence of a helix #1 is also shown in the blue box, and all the mutations are in helix #1 (see numbers for identifying particular residues). a helix #1 R(1)-V-I-L-Y-F-W-I-M-Y-F-S-H-Y-W-R(16) #1 Predict the consequence of the following mutations: 1) Arg(1) to Glu 2) Arg(1) to Ala 3) Phe(6) to lle 4) Trp(7) to Phe 5) Met(9) to Pro inSnake venom phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes nucleotides from the 3' end of any oligonucleotide and cleaves between the 3' hydroxyl of the ribose or deoxyribose and the phosphoryl group of the next nucleotide. It acts on single-stranded DNA or RNA and has no base specificity. Which nucleotide would be released first from the oligonucleotide shown below upon treatment with snake venom phosphodiesterase? choices a. Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate b. Deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate c. Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate d. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate e. DeoxythymidineThe joining of a new nucleotide to a growing strand during DNA synthesis leads to the formation of a phosphoester bond and involves O a nucleophilic attack of the terminal P atom of the growing strand on the electrophilic 3-0 atom of the growing strand O a nucleophilic attack of the terminal 3'-0 atom of the growing strand on the electrophilic P atom of the incoming nucleotide O an electrophilic attack of the terminal 3'-O atom of the growing strand on the nucleophilic P atom of the incoming nucleotide an electrophilic attack of the terminal Patom of the growing strand on the nucleophilic 3-O atom of the growing strand
- Given the following protein, which of the following sequences of TEMPLATE strand DNA would code for it? Pay attention to the polarity of the polypeptide and the strands of DNA that you choose. Use the codon chart to the right. AUG = met AAA = lys GCU = ala | CUU = leu ACU = thr -lys - thr - ala - leu - met (amino end) 5' TAC GAA CGA TGA TTT TAC ATT 3' 5' ATG CTT GCT ACT AAA ATG TAA 3' (carboxyl end) met 5' TAC TTT TGA CGA GAA TAC ATT 3¹' 3' TAC TTT TGA CGA GAA TAC ATT 5¹ 5' ATG AAA ACT GCT CTT ATG TAA 3¹ 3 TAC GAA CGA TGA TTT TAC ATT 5'An exonuclease is an enzyme that sequentially cleaves nucleotides from the end of a polynucleotide strand. Snake venom phosphodiesterase, which hydrolyzes nucleotides from the 3′ end of any oligonucleotidewith a free 3′-hydroxyl group, cleaves between the 3′ hydroxyl of the ribose or deoxyribose and the phosphoryl group of the next nucleotide. It acts on single-stranded DNA or RNA and has no base specificity. This enzyme was used in sequence determination experiments before the development of modern nucleic acid sequencing techniques. What are theproducts of partial digestion by snake venom phosphodiesterase of an oligonucleotide with the sequence (5′)GCGCCAUUGC(3′)—OH?Hydrolysis of the N-glycosyl bond between deoxyribose and a purine base in DNA creates an apurinic (AP) site. An AP site is more thermodynamically destabilizing to a DNA molecule than is a mismatched base pair. Examine the structure of an AP site. H₂N HN N O™ -O-P-O-CH₂ Guanine H₂N N HN Select the chemical consequences that could contribute to DNA instability at AP sites. H H 1₂0/ H fewer hydrogen bonds between the unpaired pyrimidine base and water disruption of the base-stacking interactions decreased interaction between the mutated DNA strand and histones increased ability of the deoxyribose ring to open without the attachment of the purine base H H Guanosine residue (in DNA) O™ -O-P-O-CH₂ O H H H O Apurinic residue H OH H
- Draw and label the following RNA tetranucleotide: 5’phosphoryl-A-2’O-methyl-C-U-G-3’-phosphateWhat property of RNA would make it capable of acting as a ribozyme? Why don't we have any naturally occuring DNA enzymes?Ribonuclease A cannot catalyze the hydrolysis of DNA. which of the following statements explains it. a. Ribonuclease requires two active site histidines to be active but the nucleobase of DNA will form hydrogen bonds with these histidines and block their acid-base catalysis. b. DNAs have thymidine that is more stable than the uracil in RNAs c. DNAs are double-stranded and the nucleobases are protected while RNAs are single stranded d. DNAs does not have hydroxyl group at 2' position of the sugar ring to support the catalysis
- Which property of DNA makes it more stable than RNA in the basic environment? The negative charge of the phosphate on DNA repels the negative charged base. Histones block access to all except a few nucleotides that act as linkers. The 2' -H in DNA is not reactive, whereas the 2' -OH of RNA is reactive under basic conditions. RNA forms elaborate structures that are susceptible to alkaline digestion. O DNA precipitates in basic solutions, making it unreactive.Hydrolysis of the N-glycosyl bond between deoxyribose and a purine base in DNA creates an apurinic (AP) site. An AP site is more thermodynamically destabilizing to a DNA molecule than is a mismatched base pair. Examine the structure of an AP site. HN H₂N N 0 Guanine -O-P-O-CH₂O. H₂N H HN H H H Hod H ofo -0- Guanosine residue (in DNA) -0-CH₂ H H H Apurinic residue H OH HBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotidesequences (all belong to an exon):5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed that produced a functional mRNA. Assuming there are no mutations, the said mRNA is then brought to the site of protein synthesis,a. what would be the amino acid sequence of the synthesized polypeptide chain?b. how many possible kinds of tRNA molecule that will bring the 2nd amino acid observing wobble hypothesis? List down their anticodons.
