Why does Kant believe that punishment for the sake of deterrence is a faulty defense or justification of punishment?

All of the following professors in the newly emerging European universities of the High Middle Ages favored nominalism, rather than Aristotle’s moderate realism, with the exception of: Peter Abelard (at the University of Paris in France) Jean Buridan (at the University of Paris in France) Roger Bacon (at Oxford University in England) Robert Grossteste (at Oxford University in England) William of Ockham (at the University of Paris in France)

What, near as you can tell, does Kant mean by 'humanity'? (He is not discussing "mankind"; "humanity" is not all of the people.)

Which of Aristotle’s four causes is a definition of the substance of which something is composed? the material cause the teleological cause the formal cause the efficient cause the final cause

Which of Aristotle’s four causes is a definition of the physical force which exerts an effect? the material cause the teleological cause the formal cause the efficient cause  the final cause

In which interactions partners are adversely affected?

A practice of what is generally called “farming” of human organs consists in maintaining the body of someone who has been determined to be brain dead on life support in order to be able to harvest a transplantable organ. Which of the four principles of Principlism is violated in this case?   a. beneficence toward potential recipients of transplantable organs   b. autonomy of the brain-dead person   c. non-maleficence toward potential recipients of transplantable organs   d. none of the above

St. Aurelius Augustine, in his theodicy attempting to reconcile freedom and determinism, recognized that any claim about God being powerless to prevent evil would contradict: the doctrine of divine omniscience the doctrine of divine benevolence the doctrine of divine omnipotence the doctrine of divine predestination the doctrine of divine foreknowledge

Is the sick role by talcott parsons an example of social facts?

You are a Physician's Assistant in the Emergency Room. A 19-year-old female is admitted in an unconscious state. Your quick evaluation of the patient yields stiff neck and positive Kernig's signs (i.e., leg cannot be extended while the patient is laying on her back), which are classical indications of meningitis (an infection in the central nervous system). The attending clinician suspects bacterial meningitis and so starts empirical therapy (i.e., antibiotic therapy presuming that this is a bacterial infection). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from her spinal cord is sent for emergency evaluation and the results are received in less than an hour. The results indicate the presence of gram- negative diplococcus bacteria and the presence of many pus cells with intracellular bacteria. Your preliminary assessment of the function of the complement proteins in her serum indicates that the classical activation pathway appears to be intact; however when you add the bacteria to her serum ex…