Why do some genetic mutations lead to completely nonfunctional proteins while others do not affect the functioning of the resulting protein at all?

Q: Define the term messenger RNA (mRNA)?

A: Transcription and translation are 2 steps involved in processing of DNA to proteins. RNA molecule is…

Q: Which of the following terms is used for the various forms of any one a) Autosomes b ) Codons c)…

A: Genes have a variety of different forms which are located at the same position or can be called…

Q: What is the basic role of mRNA

A: The transcription is the process in which the mRNA copied information from DNA for protein…

Q: Most mutations are harmful or neutral, although in rare instances some can be beneficial where hey…

A: TRUE

Q: What is a mutation?

A: Mutation can lead to various disorders such as cancer and a wide range of genetic disorders.

Q: Proteins have a variety of roles. Which role is shared with elaborately folded RNA? Being structural…

A: Proteins are biomolecules that serve diverse functional roles within a cell. Proteins that catalyse…

Q: Why protein is mutated?

A: Proteins are the building blocks of the cell. They are polypeptides made up of monomeric unit amino…

Q: How do nucleotide codon sequences determine the primary amino acid sequence of a nascent protein?

A: Codon is found in mRNA. It consists of three ribonucleotides. It encodes a particular amino acid.

Q: Some mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas…

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of an organism. The DNA is inherited by the…

Q: Describe protein biosynthesis. Define transcription and translation. What enzyme…

A: The cell biology is considered as the study of cells, their structure, and their functions. The…

Q: What factors can promote protein misfolding in cells?

A: A cell is the basic structural and functional key of life. A cell has multiple organelles that carry…

Q: What happens in each stage of polypeptide synthesis: initiation, elongation, and termination?

A: A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or…

Q: Which mutation is lethal?

A: The mutation is the change that occurs in the DNA sequences due to environmental factors or by…

Q: What are histone acetyl transferases (HATs)?

A: Histones are proteins that are associated with DNA inside the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. The…

Q: What is mRNA made of?

A: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that are found in living cells. Almost all living cells contain both…

Q: What triggers mutation?

A:

Q: name one kind of mutation that produces an altered protein. what determines wether the altered…

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: What is meant by splicing?

A: Transcription: It is processed to convert DNA into RNA. It is part of the central dogma. It is…

Q: what kinds of mutation might lead to splicing errors?

A: In living organisms, the genetic instructions for growth, development, functioning, and reproduction…

Q: Mutations in proteins do not always lead to a drastic effect on a protein's function. Substitutions…

A: There are 20 amino acids and all are coded by the triplet codons but the overall proteins structure…

Q: What is the "genetic code" and what aspect of post translational modification virtually mandates…

A: Genetic code is a set of rules followed by every living cell by which information stored in genetic…

Q: How are tRNAs linked to their corresponding amino acids?

A: tRNA stands for transfer RNA. It has a clover leaf like structure.

Q: describe a mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein

A: introduction A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying…

Q: Explain how point and frameshift mutations affect the protein structure and function.

A: Shift in a DNA sequence is a mutation. Mutations can result from copying errors produced by DNA…

Q: Does a mutation always result in a change of an amino acid sequence in protein? Why?

A: A mutation is the alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome which may or may not result in…

Q: In a sequence of amino acids, a non-polar amino acid is mutated into a polar charged amino acid.…

A: Protein or a polypeptide chain is made up of amino acids linked together by  peptide bonds. Protein…

Q: What are introns? What is the functional importance (if any) of introns?

A: The information regarding the content of genes is in the specific sequences of nucleotides. Most…

Q: What are some diseases caused by misfolded proteins?

A: Proteins which are made up of amino acids have two different types of tertiary structures: alpha…

Q: Why is mutation important

A: Mutation refers to any change from normal DNA sequence. There are various reasons for mutation…

Q: If the base sequence of a segment of a molecule of DNA is changed, will the base sequence of the…

A: The genes are segments of DNA that contain hereditary information. Some part of this gene is…

Q: What is the significance of gene expression in biochemical processes?

A: Gene expression, as the name suggests, is the 'expression' of genes by forming products such…

Q: What is the difference between gain of function and loss of function mutations?

A: Mutations is a change in a DNA sequence that can be caused due to DNA replication error made during…

Q: What processes are involved in attaching ubiquitin to a target protein?

A: Amino acid chains are found in proteins. Proteins are folded with the aid of chaperones once they…

Q: Why is mutation important?

A: A mutation is a random change and it occurs when the sequence of DNA changes. the result of DNA…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.